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正则表达式

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MYSQL入门学习之二:使用正则表达式搜索

 

一、正则表达式介绍

正则表达式是用来匹配文本的特殊的串(字符集合)。

 

二、使用MySQL正则表达式

 

1、MySQL仅仅支持多数正则表达式实现的一个很小的子集。

 

2、LIKE匹配整个列值;而REGEXP匹配列值的子串,如果被匹配的文本在列值中出现,REGEXP将会找到它,相应的行将被返回。看下面的例子:

[sql] 

mysql>select username from v9_admin where username like 'space';  

Emptyset (0.00 sec)  

   

mysql>select username from v9_admin where username REGEXP 'space';  

+-----------+  

|username  |  

+-----------+  

|warmspace |  

+-----------+  

1 rowin set (0.02 sec)  

3、默认MySQL中的正则表达式匹配不区分大小写,可使用BINARY关键字区分大小写,如

 

[sql] 

mysql>select username from v9_admin  

    -> where username REGEXP BINARY'SPACCE';  

Emptyset (0.04 sec)  

4、进行OR匹配:为搜索两个串之一,使用|,如下所示:

 

[sql] 

mysql>select roleid from v9_admin_role  

    -> where roleid REGEXP '1|3';  

+--------+  

|roleid |  

+--------+  

|      1 |  

|      3 |  

+--------+  

2 rowsin set (0.00 sec)  

5、匹配几个字符之一:匹配任何单一字符。如下所示:

 

[sql] 

mysql>select name from v9_collection_node  

    -> where name REGEXP '005-[123]';  

+-----------------+  

|name            |  

+-----------------+  

|101-02-01-005-2 |  

|101-02-01-005-1 |  

|101-02-01-005-3 |  

+-----------------+  

3 rowsin set (0.00 sec)  

正如所见,[]是另一种形式的OR语句。'005-[123]'与’005-[1|2|3]’是等价的。

 

匹配除给定字符外的字符:

 

[sql] 

mysql>select name from v9_collection_node  

    -> where name REGEXP '005-[^123]';  

+-------------------+  

|name              |  

+-------------------+  

|101-02-01-005-4.2 |  

|101-02-01-005-4   |  

|101-02-01-005-5   |  

+-------------------+  

3 rowsin set (0.00 sec)  

6、可使用-来定义一个范围。如[1-9],[a-b]。

 

[sql] 

mysql>select name from v9_collection_node  

    -> where name REGEXP '005-[1-3]';  

+-----------------+  

|name            |  

+-----------------+  

|101-02-01-005-2 |  

|101-02-01-005-1 |  

|101-02-01-005-3 |  

+-----------------+  

3 rowsin set (0.00 sec)  

7、为了匹配特殊字符,必须用//为前导,例如//-,//.等。这种处理即转义(escaping)。

 

多数正则表达式实现使用单个反斜杠转义特殊字符,但MYSQL要求两个(MYSQL自己解释一个,正则表达式库解释另一个)。

 

//也用来引用元字符(具有特殊含义的字符),如下表:

 

MYSQL入门学习之二:使用正则表达式搜索_MySQL

 

8、为了更方便工作,可以使用预定义的字符集,称为字符类(character class)。

 

[sql] 

mysql> select name fromv9_collection_node  

   -> where name REGEXP '[[:digit:]]';  

+-------------------+  

| name              |  

+-------------------+  

| 101-10-01-002-1   |  

| 101-02-01-005-4.2 |  

| 101-02-01-005-2   |  

| 101-02-01-005-1   |  

| 101-02-01-005-3   |  

| 101-02-01-005-4   |  

| 101-02-01-005-5   |  

| 101-10-01-002-2   |  

| 101-11-04-001-1   |  

+-------------------+  

9 rowsin set (0.00 sec)  


MYSQL入门学习之二:使用正则表达式搜索_MySQL
 

9、使用正则表达式重复元字符匹配多个实例:

 

[sql] 

mysql> select name fromv9_collection_node  

   -> where name REGEXP '1{2}';  

+-----------------+  

| name            |  

+-----------------+  

| 101-11-04-001-1 |  

+-----------------+  

1 rowin set (0.00 sec)  


MYSQL入门学习之二:使用正则表达式搜索_MySQL
 

10、定位符(为了匹配特定位置的文本):

 

[sql] 

mysql> select name from v9_collection_node  

    -> where name REGEXP '2$';  

+-------------------+  

| name              |  

+-------------------+  

| 101-02-01-005-4.2 |  

| 101-02-01-005-2   |  

| 101-10-01-002-2   |  

+-------------------+  

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)  


MYSQL入门学习之二:使用正则表达式搜索_MySQL
 

11、使REGEXP起类似LIKE的作用,它们的区别在于LIKE匹配整个串而REGEXP匹配子串。利用定位符,通过用^开始每个表达式,用$结束每个表达式。

 

12、简单的正则表达式测试:可以在不使用数据库表的情况下用SELECT来测试正则表达式。REGEXP检查总是返回0或1(匹配)。

 

[sql] 

mysql> select 'hello' REGEXP'[0-9]';  

+------------------------+  

| 'hello' REGEXP '[0-9]' |  

+------------------------+  

|                      0 |  

+------------------------+  

1 row in set (0.00 sec)  

 

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