In-depth understanding of the underlying implementation principles of Golang interfaces

In-depth understanding of the underlying implementation principles of the Golang interface requires specific code examples

Go language (Golang) is an open source programming language developed by Google. Because of its simplicity It is favored by programmers for its high efficiency and concurrency features. In Go language, interface is a very important concept, which makes the code more flexible and extensible. An interface is an abstract data type that defines the behavior of an object but does not contain an implementation. Through interfaces, we can define a set of methods and then let different types implement these methods, thereby achieving polymorphism and code reuse.

In the Go language, the underlying implementation principle of the interface is actually very clever. It uses interface values ​​and interface data structures to implement it. The interface value is a data structure containing two fields, one field pointing to the type information and one field pointing to the actual object. In this way, flexibility and polymorphism of the interface are achieved.

In order to better understand the underlying implementation principles of the Golang interface, let us illustrate it with specific code examples.

First, we define an interface called Animal, which contains a method called Speak:

package main

import "fmt"

type Animal interface {
    Speak()
}

Then, we define two structure types Dog and Cat, which implement Speak of the Animal interface respectively. Method:

type Dog struct {}

func (d Dog) Speak() {
    fmt.Println("汪汪汪")
}

type Cat struct {}

func (c Cat) Speak() {
    fmt.Println("喵喵喵")
}

Next, we write a function that receives an Animal type parameter and calls its Speak method:

func LetAnimalSpeak(animal Animal) {
    animal.Speak()
}

Finally, we create a Dog object and a Cat object, and then pass LetAnimalSpeak function to call their Speak method:

func main() {
    var dog Dog
    LetAnimalSpeak(dog)

    var cat Cat
    LetAnimalSpeak(cat)
}

When we run this code, we will get the following output:

汪汪汪
喵喵喵

With this simple example, we can see the interface in Golang Flexibility and polymorphism. In the LetAnimalSpeak function, the type of the parameter animal is the Animal interface, but we can pass in different types (Dog and Cat) that implement the Animal interface, and there will be different effects when calling their Speak methods.

After understanding this simple example, how should we understand the underlying implementation principle of the Golang interface? Under the hood, the Go language uses interface values ​​to implement interfaces. The interface value is a data structure with two fields, one field is used to record type information, and the other field is used to store the actual object. In this way, the Go language achieves interface polymorphism.

In general, the underlying implementation principle of interfaces in Golang is realized through interface values ​​​​and interface data structures. This design makes the Go language interface more flexible and powerful. Through specific code examples and in-depth understanding, we can better apply the feature of interfaces and write more flexible and scalable code.

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