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mysql 表索引的一些要点_MySQL

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Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:25 PM

mysqlSelectivity

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1、表的主键、外键必须有索引；

2、数据量超过300的表应该有索引；

3、经常与其他表进行连接的表，在连接字段上应该建立索引；

4、经常出现在Where子句中的字段，特别是大表的字段，应该建立索引；

5、索引应该建在选择性高的字段上；

6、索引应该建在小字段上，对于大的文本字段甚至超长字段，不要建索引；

7、复合索引的建立需要进行仔细分析；尽量考虑用单字段索引代替：

       A、正确选择复合索引中的主列字段，一般是选择性较好的字段；
       B、复合索引的几个字段是否经常同时以AND方式出现在Where子句中？单字段查询是否极少甚至没有？如果是，则可以建立复合索引；否则考虑单字段索引；
       C、如果复合索引中包含的字段经常单独出现在Where子句中，则分解为多个单字段索引；
       D、如果复合索引所包含的字段超过3个，那么仔细考虑其必要性，考虑减少复合的字段；
       E、如果既有单字段索引，又有这几个字段上的复合索引，一般可以删除复合索引；

8、频繁进行数据操作的表，不要建立太多的索引；

9、删除无用的索引，避免对执行计划造成负面影响；

以上是一些普遍的建立索引时的判断依据。一言以蔽之，索引的建立必须慎重，对每个索引的必要性都应该经过仔细分析，要有建立的依据。因为太多的索引与不充分、不正确的索引对性能都毫无益处：在表上建立的每个索引都会增加存储开销，索引对于插入、删除、更新操作也会增加处理上的开销。另外，过多的复合索引，在有单字段索引的情况下，一般都是没有存在价值的；相反，还会降低数据增加删除时的性能，特别是对频繁更新的表来说，负面影响更大。

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