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基于SQL中的数据查询语句汇总_MySQL

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2016-06-01 13:25:21811browse

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where条件表达式
--统计函数

Select count(1) from student;

--like模糊查询
--统计班上姓张的人数

select count(*) from student where realName like '张%';

--统计班上张姓两个字的人数

select count(*) from student where realName like '张_';

--统计班上杭州籍的学生人数

select count(*) from student where home like '%杭州%';

--查询班上每位学生的年龄

select realName,year(now())-year(birthday) as age from student;

--查询90年出生的学生

select realName from student where year(birthday)>='1990';

--查询1987-1990年出生的学生

select realName from student where year(birthday)='1987';
select * from student where year(birthday) between '1987' and '1990';

--查询班上男女生人数

select sex,count(*) from student group by sex;

--in子句查询班上B或O型血的学生

select realName,blood from student where blood in('B','O'); 

子查询
子查询也可称之为嵌套查询,有些时候,一次查询不能解决问题,需要多次查询。

按子查询返回的记录行数区分,可分为单行子查询和多行子查询;

select * from emp where sal>(       select sal from emp where ename='ALLEN‘ or ename =‘KING')

上例是找出比allen工资高的所有员工

A.子查询一般先于主语句的运行
B.必须有( ),表示一个整体
C.习惯上把子查询放在条件的右边
多行子查询:some,any,all

连接语句(应用于多表查询)
包括:内联,外联(左外连和右外联)
内联(inner join):把两张表相匹配的行查询出来。

--查询每个学生的各科成绩,显示“姓名”“课程名”“分数”三列

select a.realname,c.courseName,b.score from stu_student as a inner join stu_score as b on a.sid=b.sid inner join stu_course c on b.cid=c.cid

还有一种方法,不采用inner join:

select a.realname,c.courseName,b.score from student a,score b,course c where a.sid=b.sid and c.cid=b.cid

外联分左外联和右外联:
Left outer join:查询两边表的匹配记录,且将左表的不匹配记录也查询出来。
Right outer join:等上,将右表不匹配记录也查询出来。

select a.realname,b.score from stu_student as a left outer join stu_score as b on a.sid=b.sid

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