php小编小新在这里为大家解答一个常见问题:“为什么 (encoder).EncodeElement 忽略“,innerxml”标签?”。这个问题涉及到在使用 (encoder).EncodeElement 方法时,为什么会出现无法编码 innerxml 标签的情况。下面我们将详细回答这个问题,帮助读者更好地理解和解决相关问题。
问题内容
用途:我有一个 xml 文档,其中包含许多混合内容 cdata 元素,我需要以编程方式编辑这些元素。令人烦恼的是,由于 cdata 元素具有其他/混合内容,默认的“,cdata”标记无法正常工作(根据 xml 规范)。如果您对此具体细节有疑问,请告诉我。
问题:在下面的简化示例中,我将其中包含 cdata 的元素标记为“,innerxml”,以便自己处理前缀/后缀。通过解组,一切都按预期工作,但是通过编组(编码),特殊字符被转义。当标签明确表示不转义时(通过“,innerxml”标签),为什么 EncodeElement 方法会转义特殊字符?当我在文档中读到此方法时,它让我参考 xml.Marshal 方法,其中包含以下内容:
<code> a field with tag ",innerxml" is written verbatim, not subject to the usual marshaling procedure. </code>
示例:
以下是代码(也可在 https://go.dev/play/p/MH_ONAVaG_1 获取):
package main import ( "encoding/xml" "fmt" "strings" ) var xmlFile string = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <statusdb> <status date="today"> <![CDATA[today is < yesterday]]> </status> <status date="yesterday"> <![CDATA[PM, 1. there are issues with the marshaller 2. i don't know how to solve them]]> </status> </statusdb>` type statusDB struct { Status []*status `xml:"status"` } type status struct { Text string `xml:",innerxml"` Date string `xml:"date,attr"` } type statusMarshaller status func main() { var projectStatus statusDB err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlFile), &projectStatus) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } fmt.Println("In Go: \"" + projectStatus.Status[0].Text + "\"") fmt.Println("In Go: \"" + projectStatus.Status[1].Text + "\"") x, err := xml.MarshalIndent(projectStatus, "", " ") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } //why this is not printing properly fmt.Printf("%s\n", x) } func (tagElement *status) UnmarshalXML(d *xml.Decoder, se xml.StartElement) error { temp := statusMarshaller{} d.DecodeElement(&temp, &se) temp.Text = strings.TrimSpace(temp.Text) temp.Text = strings.TrimPrefix(temp.Text, "<![CDATA[") temp.Text = strings.TrimSuffix(temp.Text, "]]>") *tagElement = status(temp) return nil } func (tagElement status) MarshalXML(d *xml.Encoder, se xml.StartElement) error { tagElement.Text = "<![CDATA[" + tagElement.Text + "]]>" temp, _ := xml.Marshal(statusMarshaller(tagElement)) return d.EncodeElement(temp, se) }
此代码返回以下内容:
In Go: "today is < yesterday" In Go: "PM, 1. there are issues with the marshaller 2. i don't know how to solve them" <statusDB> <status><statusMarshaller date="today"><![CDATA[today is < yesterday]]></statusMarshaller></status> <status><statusMarshaller date="yesterday"><![CDATA[PM,
 1. there are issues with the marshaller
 2. i don't know how to solve them]]></statusMarshaller></status> </statusDB> Program exited.
结论:有人可以解释一下为什么 xml 包会这样做,以及潜在的解决方法是什么?
谢谢!
解决方法
当然,如果包中的 cdata 允许混合元素,那就太好了,但现在我已经找到了解决方法,即上面的代码,进行了一些小更改,以便不在 marhshalXML 中的 statusMarshaller 类型上调用“marshal”功能。相反,我只将 tagElement 转换为 statusMarshaller 类型,然后对该元素进行编码。请参阅以下详细信息:
修订历史记录:
- 修改了 marshalXML 函数中的第二行以删除对 xml.marshal 的调用
- 修改了状态结构以包含 XMLName 成员,以便维护 XML 元素名称(在生成的 xml 元素中保留“status”而不是“statusMarshaller”
package main import ( "encoding/xml" "fmt" "strings" ) var xmlFile string = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <statusdb> <status date="today"> <![CDATA[today is < yesterday]]> </status> <status date="yesterday"> <![CDATA[PM, 1. there are issues with the marshaller 2. i don't know how to solve them]]> </status> </statusdb>` type statusDB struct { Status []*status `xml:"status"` } type status struct { XMLName xml.Name Text string `xml:",innerxml"` Date string `xml:"date,attr"` } type statusMarshaller status func main() { var projectStatus statusDB err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlFile), &projectStatus) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } fmt.Println("In Go: \"" + projectStatus.Status[0].Text + "\"") fmt.Println("In Go: \"" + projectStatus.Status[1].Text + "\"") x, err := xml.MarshalIndent(projectStatus, "", " ") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } //why this is not printing properly fmt.Printf("%s\n", x) } func (tagElement *status) UnmarshalXML(d *xml.Decoder, se xml.StartElement) error { temp := statusMarshaller{} d.DecodeElement(&temp, &se) temp.Text = strings.TrimSpace(temp.Text) temp.Text = strings.TrimPrefix(temp.Text, "<![CDATA[") temp.Text = strings.TrimSuffix(temp.Text, "]]>") *tagElement = status(temp) return nil } func (tagElement status) MarshalXML(d *xml.Encoder, se xml.StartElement) error { tagElement.Text = "<![CDATA[" + tagElement.Text + "]]>" temp := statusMarshaller(tagElement) return d.EncodeElement(temp, se) }
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