Recommended and commonly used Golang logging libraries

Golang is a very popular programming language that is often used to develop high-performance, high-reliability server-side applications. In actual development, logging is a very important function, used to record various status information, exception information, error logs, etc. when the program is running. Using logs, you can easily debug and troubleshoot problems. This article will introduce commonly used logging libraries in Golang and give specific code examples.

1. log package

The log package is a log library provided by the Golang language itself. It provides standard logging functionality, and logging can be easily implemented through a simple API. It has the following features:

• Supports multi-level logging
• Supports prefix tags
• Supports date and time formatting
• Supports output to different The output stream

The following is an example that demonstrates how to use the log package for logging:

package main

import (
  "log"
  "os"
)

func main() {
  // 日志记录到文件
  f, err := os.OpenFile("test.log", os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  defer f.Close()

  log.SetPrefix("[TEST]")
  log.SetOutput(f)
  log.Println("Test log message")
}

The above code demonstrates how to log to a file called test.log file and add a prefix tag "[TEST]". Just call log to output relevant information.

2. zap package

zap is a structured logging library with excellent performance and easy-to-use. It provides efficient logging and log query functions, and has the following features:

• Fast (high performance)
• Complete type safety
• Intuitive API
• Automatic log level setting
• With optional, syntax-rich and fast templates
• Extensible
• Distributed support

The following is an example that demonstrates how to use the zap library for logging:

package main

import (
  "go.uber.org/zap"
)

func main() {
  logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
  logger.Info("This is an info message", zap.String("key1", "value1"), zap.Int("key2", 100))
  logger.Error("This is an error message", zap.Error(errors.New("error")))
}

The above code demonstrates how to use the zap library for logging. First create a new Logger instance by calling the zap.NewProduction() function, and then use the logger.Info() and logger.Error() functions for logging. They can all accept a varying number of key-value parameters, which can be set through functions such as zap.String().

3. logrus package

logrus is a very flexible structured logging library, which provides a function calling style similar to the logging package in Python, and has the following Features:

• Have custom log levels
• Support log formatting
• Can output logs in JSON, Text, Logstash and other formats
• Yes Easily extend log formats, output methods, and integrate with other log management systems

The following is an example to demonstrate how to use logrus for logging:

package main

import (
  "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)

func main() {
  log := logrus.New()
  log.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
  log.SetFormatter(&logrus.JSONFormatter{})

  log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
    "animal": "walrus",
    "size":   10,
    "weight": 100,
  }).Info("A group of walrus emerges from the ocean")
}

The above code demonstration Learn how to use logrus for logging, and set the log level to Debug and the output format to JSON. It is recommended to define a global logrus.Logger instance in the code and perform logging through the logrus.WithFields() function.

Summary

The above introduces the commonly used log libraries in Golang, including log package, zap package and logrus package. Each of these libraries has some characteristics and advantages, and the specific choice needs to be determined based on the needs of the actual project. In actual development, logging is an essential function. It can easily record the status information of the program and help us debug and troubleshoot problems.

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