search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql 比较时间_MySQL


MySql中时间比较的实现 unix_timestamp 函数可以接受一个参数,也可以不使用参数。它的返回值是一个无符号的整数。不使用参数,它返回自1970年1月1日0时0分0秒到现在所经过的秒数,如果使用参数,参数的类型为时间类型或者时间类型的字符串表示,则是从1970-01-01 00:00:00到指定时间所经历的秒数。有了这个函数,就可以很自然地把时间比较转换为一个无符号整数的比较。  例如,判断一个时间是否在一个区间内  unix_timestamp( time ) between unix_timestamp( 'start ') and unix_timestamp( 'end' )  对于每个类型拥有的值范围以及并且指定日期何时间值的有效格式的描述见7.3.6 日期和时间类型。   这里是一个使用日期函数的例子。下面的查询选择了所有记录,其date_col的值是在最后30天以内:   mysql> SELECT something FROM table  WHERE TO_DAYS(NOW()) - TO_DAYS(date_col) select DAYOFWEEK('1998-02-03');  -> 3   WEEKDAY(date)  返回date的星期索引(0=星期一,1=星期二, ……6= 星期天)。  mysql> select WEEKDAY('1997-10-04 22:23:00');  -> 5  mysql> select WEEKDAY('1997-11-05');  -> 2   DAYOFMONTH(date)  返回date的月份中日期,在1到31范围内。  mysql> select DAYOFMONTH('1998-02-03');  -> 3   DAYOFYEAR(date)  返回date在一年中的日数, 在1到366范围内。  mysql> select DAYOFYEAR('1998-02-03');  -> 34   MONTH(date)  返回date的月份,范围1到12。  mysql> select MONTH('1998-02-03');  -> 2   DAYNAME(date)  返回date的星期名字。  mysql> select DAYNAME("1998-02-05");  -> 'Thursday'   MONTHNAME(date)  返回date的月份名字。  mysql> select MONTHNAME("1998-02-05");  -> 'February'  www.bitsCN.com     QUARTER(date)  返回date一年中的季度,范围1到4。  mysql> select QUARTER('98-04-01');  -> 2   WEEK(date)   WEEK(date,first)  对于星期天是一周的第一天的地方,有一个单个参数,返回date的周数,范围在0到52。2个参数形式WEEK()允许  你指定星期是否开始于星期天或星期一。如果第二个参数是0,星期从星期天开始,如果第二个参数是1,  从星期一开始。  mysql> select WEEK('1998-02-20');  -> 7  mysql> select WEEK('1998-02-20',0);  -> 7  mysql> select WEEK('1998-02-20',1);  -> 8   YEAR(date)  返回date的年份,范围在1000到9999。  mysql> select YEAR('98-02-03');  -> 1998   HOUR(time)  返回time的小时,范围是0到23。  mysql> select HOUR('10:05:03');  -> 10   MINUTE(time)  返回time的分钟,范围是0到59。  mysql> select MINUTE('98-02-03 10:05:03');  -> 5   SECOND(time)  回来time的秒数,范围是0到59。  mysql> select SECOND('10:05:03');  -> 3   PERIOD_ADD(P,N)  增加N个月到阶段P(以格式YYMM或YYYYMM)。以格式YYYYMM返回值。注意阶段参数P不是日期值。  mysql> select PERIOD_ADD(9801,2);  -> 199803   PERIOD_DIFF(P1,P2)  返回在时期P1和P2之间月数,P1和P2应该以格式YYMM或YYYYMM。注意,时期参数P1和P2不是日期值。  mysql> select PERIOD_DIFF(9802,199703);  -> 11   DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type)   DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr type)   ADDDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type)   SUBDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type)  这些功能执行日期运算。对于MySQL 3.22,他们是新的。ADDDATE()和SUBDATE()是DATE_ADD()和DATE_SUB()的同义词。  在MySQL 3.23中,你可以使用+和-而不是DATE_ADD()和DATE_SUB()。(见例子)date是一个指定开始日期的  DATETIME或DATE值,expr是指定加到开始日期或从开始日期减去的间隔值一个表达式,expr是一个字符串;它可以以  一个“-”开始表示负间隔。type是一个关键词,指明表达式应该如何被解释。EXTRACT(type FROM date)函数从日期  中返回“type”间隔。下表显示了type和expr参数怎样被关联: type值 含义 期望的expr格式   SECOND 秒 SECONDS  MINUTE 分钟 MINUTES  HOUR 时间 HOURS  DAY 天 DAYS  MONTH 月 MONTHS  YEAR 年 YEARS  MINUTE_SECOND 分钟和秒 "MINUTES:SECONDS"  HOUR_MINUTE 小时和分钟 "HOURS:MINUTES"  DAY_HOUR 天和小时 "DAYS HOURS"  YEAR_MONTH 年和月 "YEARS-MONTHS"  HOUR_SECOND 小时, 分钟, "HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS"  DAY_MINUTE 天, 小时, 分钟 "DAYS HOURS:MINUTES"  DAY_SECOND 天, 小时, 分钟, 秒 "DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS"   MySQL在expr格式中允许任何标点分隔符。表示显示的是建议的分隔符。如果date参数是一个DATE值并且你的计算仅仅  包含YEAR、MONTH和DAY部分(即,没有时间部分),结果是一个DATE值。否则结果是一个DATETIME值。   mysql> SELECT "1997-12-31 23:59:59" + INTERVAL 1 SECOND;  -> 1998-01-01 00:00:00   www.bitsCN.com   mysql> SELECT INTERVAL 1 DAY + "1997-12-31";  -> 1998-01-01  mysql> SELECT "1998-01-01" - INTERVAL 1 SECOND;  -> 1997-12-31 23:59:59  mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",  INTERVAL 1 SECOND);  -> 1998-01-01 00:00:00  mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",  INTERVAL 1 DAY);  -> 1998-01-01 23:59:59  mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",  INTERVAL "1:1" MINUTE_SECOND);  -> 1998-01-01 00:01:00  mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB("1998-01-01 00:00:00",  INTERVAL "1 1:1:1" DAY_SECOND);  -> 1997-12-30 22:58:59  mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1998-01-01 00:00:00",  INTERVAL "-1 10" DAY_HOUR);  -> 1997-12-30 14:00:00  mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB("1998-01-02", INTERVAL 31 DAY);  -> 1997-12-02  mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM "1999-07-02");  -> 1999  mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM "1999-07-02 01:02:03");  -> 199907  mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(DAY_MINUTE FROM "1999-07-02 01:02:03");  -> 20102   如果你指定太短的间隔值(不包括type关键词期望的间隔部分),MySQL假设你省掉了间隔值的最左面部分。例如,  如果你指定一个type是DAY_SECOND,值expr被希望有天、小时、分钟和秒部分。如果你象"1:10"这样指定值,  MySQL假设日子和小时部分是丢失的并且值代表分钟和秒。换句话说,"1:10" DAY_SECOND以它等价于"1:10" MINUTE_SECOND  的方式解释,这对那MySQL解释TIME值表示经过的时间而非作为一天的时间的方式有二义性。如果你使用确实不正确的日期,  结果是NULL。如果你增加MONTH、YEAR_MONTH或YEAR并且结果日期大于新月份的最大值天数,日子在新月用最大的天调整。   mysql> select DATE_ADD('1998-01-30', Interval 1 month);  -> 1998-02-28   注意,从前面的例子中词INTERVAL和type关键词不是区分大小写的。  TO_DAYS(date)  给出一个日期date,返回一个天数(从0年的天数)。  mysql> select TO_DAYS(950501);  -> 728779  mysql> select TO_DAYS('1997-10-07');  -> 729669   TO_DAYS()不打算用于使用格列高里历(1582)出现前的值。   FROM_DAYS(N)  给出一个天数N,返回一个DATE值。  mysql> select FROM_DAYS(729669);  -> '1997-10-07'   TO_DAYS()不打算用于使用格列高里历(1582)出现前的值。   DATE_FORMAT(date,format)  根据format字符串格式化date值。下列修饰符可以被用在format字符串中: %M 月名字(January……December)   www.bitsCN.com   %W 星期名字(Sunday……Saturday)  %D 有英语前缀的月份的日期(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 等等。)  %Y 年, 数字, 4 位  %y 年, 数字, 2 位  %a 缩写的星期名字(Sun……Sat)  %d 月份中的天数, 数字(00……31)  %e 月份中的天数, 数字(0……31)  %m 月, 数字(01……12)  %c 月, 数字(1……12)  %b 缩写的月份名字(Jan……Dec)  %j 一年中的天数(001……366)  %H 小时(00……23)  %k 小时(0……23)  %h 小时(01……12)  %I 小时(01……12)  %l 小时(1……12)  %i 分钟, 数字(00……59)  %r 时间,12 小时(hh:mm:ss [AP]M)  %T 时间,24 小时(hh:mm:ss)  %S 秒(00……59)  %s 秒(00……59)  %p AM或PM  %w 一个星期中的天数(0=Sunday ……6=Saturday )  %U 星期(0……52), 这里星期天是星期的第一天  %u 星期(0……52), 这里星期一是星期的第一天  %% 一个文字“%”。   所有的其他字符不做解释被复制到结果中。   mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');  -> 'Saturday October 1997'  mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00', '%H:%i:%s');  -> '22:23:00'  mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00',  '%D %y %a %d %m %b %j');  -> '4th 97 Sat 04 10 Oct 277'  mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00',  '%H %k %I %r %T %S %w');  -> '22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6'  MySQL3.23中,在格式修饰符字符前需要%。在MySQL更早的版本中,%是可选的。   TIME_FORMAT(time,format)  这象上面的DATE_FORMAT()函数一样使用,但是format字符串只能包含处理小时、分钟和秒的那些格式修饰符。  其他修饰符产生一个NULL值或0。  CURDATE()   CURRENT_DATE  以'YYYY-MM-DD'或YYYYMMDD格式返回今天日期值,取决于函数是在一个字符串还是数字上下文被使用。  mysql> select CURDATE();  -> '1997-12-15'  mysql> select CURDATE() + 0;  -> 19971215   CURTIME()   CURRENT_TIME  以'HH:MM:SS'或HHMMSS格式返回当前时间值,取决于函数是在一个字符串还是在数字的上下文被使用。  mysql> select CURTIME();  -> '23:50:26'  mysql> select CURTIME() + 0;  -> 235026   NOW()   SYSDATE()   CURRENT_TIMESTAMP  以'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'或YYYYMMDDHHMMSS格式返回当前的日期和时间,取决于函数是在一个字符串还是在数字的    www.bitsCN.com  上下文被使用。  mysql> select NOW();  -> '1997-12-15 23:50:26'  mysql> select NOW() + 0;  -> 19971215235026   UNIX_TIMESTAMP()   UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date)  如果没有参数调用,返回一个Unix时间戳记(从'1970-01-01 00:00:00'GMT开始的秒数)。如果UNIX_TIMESTAMP()用一  个date参数被调用,它返回从'1970-01-01 00:00:00' GMT开始的秒数值。date可以是一个DATE字符串、一个DATETIME  字符串、一个TIMESTAMP或以YYMMDD或YYYYMMDD格式的本地时间的一个数字。  mysql> select UNIX_TIMESTAMP();  -> 882226357  mysql> select UNIX_TIMESTAMP('1997-10-04 22:23:00');  -> 875996580   当UNIX_TIMESTAMP被用于一个TIMESTAMP列,函数将直接接受值,没有隐含的“string-to-unix-timestamp”变换。   FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp)  以'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'或YYYYMMDDHHMMSS格式返回unix_timestamp参数所表示的值,取决于函数是在一个字符串  还是或数字上下文中被使用。  mysql> select FROM_UNIXTIME(875996580);  -> '1997-10-04 22:23:00'  mysql> select FROM_UNIXTIME(875996580) + 0;  -> 19971004222300   www.bitsCN.com    FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp,format)  返回表示 Unix 时间标记的一个字符串,根据format字符串格式化。format可以包含与DATE_FORMAT()函数列出的条  目同样的修饰符。  mysql> select FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(),  '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x');  -> '1997 23rd December 03:43:30 x'   SEC_TO_TIME(seconds)  返回seconds参数,变换成小时、分钟和秒,值以'HH:MM:SS'或HHMMSS格式化,取决于函数是在一个字符串还是在数字  上下文中被使用。  mysql> select SEC_TO_TIME(2378);  -> '00:39:38'  mysql> select SEC_TO_TIME(2378) + 0;  -> 3938   TIME_TO_SEC(time)  返回time参数,转换成秒。  mysql> select TIME_TO_SEC('22:23:00');  -> 80580  mysql> select TIME_TO_SEC('00:39:38');  -> 2378   
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance?How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance?Apr 14, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

MySQL: Resources and Tutorials for New UsersMySQL: Resources and Tutorials for New UsersApr 14, 2025 am 12:16 AM

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

Real-World MySQL: Examples and Use CasesReal-World MySQL: Examples and Use CasesApr 14, 2025 am 12:15 AM

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.

SQL Commands in MySQL: Practical ExamplesSQL Commands in MySQL: Practical ExamplesApr 14, 2025 am 12:09 AM

SQL commands in MySQL can be divided into categories such as DDL, DML, DQL, DCL, etc., and are used to create, modify, delete databases and tables, insert, update, delete data, and perform complex query operations. 1. Basic usage includes CREATETABLE creation table, INSERTINTO insert data, and SELECT query data. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN for table joins, subqueries and GROUPBY for data aggregation. 3. Common errors such as syntax errors, data type mismatch and permission problems can be debugged through syntax checking, data type conversion and permission management. 4. Performance optimization suggestions include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and using transactions to ensure data consistency.

How does InnoDB handle ACID compliance?How does InnoDB handle ACID compliance?Apr 14, 2025 am 12:03 AM

InnoDB achieves atomicity through undolog, consistency and isolation through locking mechanism and MVCC, and persistence through redolog. 1) Atomicity: Use undolog to record the original data to ensure that the transaction can be rolled back. 2) Consistency: Ensure the data consistency through row-level locking and MVCC. 3) Isolation: Supports multiple isolation levels, and REPEATABLEREAD is used by default. 4) Persistence: Use redolog to record modifications to ensure that data is saved for a long time.

MySQL's Place: Databases and ProgrammingMySQL's Place: Databases and ProgrammingApr 13, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL: From Small Businesses to Large EnterprisesMySQL: From Small Businesses to Large EnterprisesApr 13, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

What are phantom reads and how does InnoDB prevent them (Next-Key Locking)?What are phantom reads and how does InnoDB prevent them (Next-Key Locking)?Apr 13, 2025 am 12:16 AM

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment