在mysql中timestamp数据类型是一个比较特殊的数据类型,他可以自动在你不使用程序更新情况下只要你更新了记录timestamp会自动更新时间
通常表中会有一个Create date 创建日期的字段,其它数据库均有默认值的选项。MySQL也有默认值timestamp,但在MySQL中,不仅是插入就算是修改也会更新timestamp的值!
这样一来,就不是创建日期了,当作更新日期来使用比较好!
因此在MySQL中要记录创建日期还得使用datetime 然后使用NOW() 函数完成!
1: 如果定义时DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP和ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP子句都有,列值为默认使用当前的时间戳,并且自动更新。
2: 如果不使用DEFAULT或ON UPDATE子句,那么它等同于DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP。
3: 如果只有DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP子句,而没有ON UPDATE子句,列值默认为当前时间戳但不自动更新。
4: 如果没用DEFAULT子句,但有ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP子句,列默认为0并自动更新。
5: 如果有一个常量值DEFAULT,该列会有一个默认值,而且不会自动初始化为当前时间戳。如果该列还有一个ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP子句,这个时间戳会自动更新,否则该列有一个默认的常量但不会自动更新。
换句话说,你可以使用当前的时间戳去初始化值和自动更新,或者是其中之一,也可以都不是。(比如,你在定义的时候可以指定自动更新,但并不初始化。)

The main difference between MySQL and SQLite is the design concept and usage scenarios: 1. MySQL is suitable for large applications and enterprise-level solutions, supporting high performance and high concurrency; 2. SQLite is suitable for mobile applications and desktop software, lightweight and easy to embed.

Indexes in MySQL are an ordered structure of one or more columns in a database table, used to speed up data retrieval. 1) Indexes improve query speed by reducing the amount of scanned data. 2) B-Tree index uses a balanced tree structure, which is suitable for range query and sorting. 3) Use CREATEINDEX statements to create indexes, such as CREATEINDEXidx_customer_idONorders(customer_id). 4) Composite indexes can optimize multi-column queries, such as CREATEINDEXidx_customer_orderONorders(customer_id,order_date). 5) Use EXPLAIN to analyze query plans and avoid

Using transactions in MySQL ensures data consistency. 1) Start the transaction through STARTTRANSACTION, and then execute SQL operations and submit it with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. 2) Use SAVEPOINT to set a save point to allow partial rollback. 3) Performance optimization suggestions include shortening transaction time, avoiding large-scale queries and using isolation levels reasonably.

Scenarios where PostgreSQL is chosen instead of MySQL include: 1) complex queries and advanced SQL functions, 2) strict data integrity and ACID compliance, 3) advanced spatial functions are required, and 4) high performance is required when processing large data sets. PostgreSQL performs well in these aspects and is suitable for projects that require complex data processing and high data integrity.

The security of MySQL database can be achieved through the following measures: 1. User permission management: Strictly control access rights through CREATEUSER and GRANT commands. 2. Encrypted transmission: Configure SSL/TLS to ensure data transmission security. 3. Database backup and recovery: Use mysqldump or mysqlpump to regularly backup data. 4. Advanced security policy: Use a firewall to restrict access and enable audit logging operations. 5. Performance optimization and best practices: Take into account both safety and performance through indexing and query optimization and regular maintenance.

How to effectively monitor MySQL performance? Use tools such as mysqladmin, SHOWGLOBALSTATUS, PerconaMonitoring and Management (PMM), and MySQL EnterpriseMonitor. 1. Use mysqladmin to view the number of connections. 2. Use SHOWGLOBALSTATUS to view the query number. 3.PMM provides detailed performance data and graphical interface. 4.MySQLEnterpriseMonitor provides rich monitoring functions and alarm mechanisms.

The difference between MySQL and SQLServer is: 1) MySQL is open source and suitable for web and embedded systems, 2) SQLServer is a commercial product of Microsoft and is suitable for enterprise-level applications. There are significant differences between the two in storage engine, performance optimization and application scenarios. When choosing, you need to consider project size and future scalability.

In enterprise-level application scenarios that require high availability, advanced security and good integration, SQLServer should be chosen instead of MySQL. 1) SQLServer provides enterprise-level features such as high availability and advanced security. 2) It is closely integrated with Microsoft ecosystems such as VisualStudio and PowerBI. 3) SQLServer performs excellent in performance optimization and supports memory-optimized tables and column storage indexes.


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