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How to implement permission-based email sending and notification in Laravel

王林Original: 2023-11-04 16:51:30620browse

Introduction:
In modern websites and applications, permission control is a crucial important features. In Laravel, we can use Laravel's authorization function to manage user permissions. This article will introduce how to implement permission-based email sending and notification in Laravel. Specifically, we will learn how to use Laravel's email and notification functions, combined with the authorization function, to implement permission management.

1. Set up email
First, we need to set up email in Laravel. Open the .env file and make sure the email configuration information is set correctly. These configurations include email drivers, mailboxes to which emails are sent, and SMTP server details.

MAIL_DRIVER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=smtp.mailtrap.io
MAIL_PORT=2525
MAIL_USERNAME=null
MAIL_PASSWORD=null
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null

二, Create an email template
Next, we need to create an email template. In Laravel, we can use the php artisan make:mail command to generate mail classes and corresponding view files. Run the following command to create a mail class named PermissionDenied:

php artisan make:mail PermissionDenied

This command will create a class file named PermissionDenied.php in the app/Mail directory .

In the email class, we can define the content, subject, recipient and other information of the email. The following is a basic example:

use IlluminateBusQueueable;
use IlluminateMailMailable;
use IlluminateQueueSerializesModels;
use IlluminateContractsQueueShouldQueue;
use SpatiePermissionModelsRole;

class PermissionDenied extends Mailable
{
    use Queueable, SerializesModels;

    protected $role;

    /**
     * Create a new message instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct(Role $role)
    {
        $this->role = $role;
    }

    /**
     * Build the message.
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function build()
    {
        return $this->view('emails.permission-denied')
                    ->with([
                        'role' => $this->role,
                    ])
                    ->subject('Permission Denied');
    }
}

3. Create an email view template
Create a view file named permission-denied.blade.php in the resources/views/emails directory. This file will serve as the content template for the email. In this file, we can use Laravel's Blade template engine to define the content of the email. The following is an example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Permission Denied</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>您没有权限访问该页面！</h1>
        <p>您的角色是: {{ $role->name }}</p>
    </body>
</html>

4. Create a notification class
In addition to sending emails, we can also use Laravel's notification function to send notifications of permission denial. Similarly, we can use the php artisan make:notification command to generate notification classes. Run the following command to create a notification class named PermissionDeniedNotification:

php artisan make:notification PermissionDeniedNotification

This command will create a class file named PermissionDeniedNotification.php in the app/Notifications directory .

In the notification class, we can define the content, method, recipient and other information of the notification. Here is a basic example:

use IlluminateBusQueueable;
use IlluminateNotificationsNotification;
use IlluminateContractsQueueShouldQueue;
use IlluminateNotificationsMessagesMailMessage;
use SpatiePermissionModelsRole;

class PermissionDeniedNotification extends Notification
{
    use Queueable;

    protected $role;

    /**
     * Create a new notification instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct(Role $role)
    {
        $this->role = $role;
    }

    /**
     * Get the notification's channels.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $notifiable
     * @return array|string
     */
    public function via($notifiable)
    {
        return ['mail'];
    }

    /**
     * Get the mail representation of the notification.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $notifiable
     * @return IlluminateNotificationsMessagesMailMessage
     */
    public function toMail($notifiable)
    {
        return (new MailMessage)
                    ->subject('Permission Denied')
                    ->markdown('emails.permission-denied', [
                        'role' => $this->role,
                    ]);
    }
}

5. Use permission control to send emails and notifications
Now, we can use Laravel’s authorization feature to check the user’s permissions and send emails when specific conditions are met or notify. In this example, we will send an email or notification to the user when they do not have specific permissions.

The following is an example:

use AppUser;
use SpatiePermissionModelsRole;
use AppMailPermissionDenied;
use AppNotificationsPermissionDeniedNotification;

$user = User::findOrFail(1);  // 获取用户
$role = Role::findOrFail(2);  // 获取角色

if (!$user->hasPermissionTo('edit post')) {
    // 发送邮件
    Mail::to($user)->send(new PermissionDenied($role));

    // 或发送通知
    $user->notify(new PermissionDeniedNotification($role));
}

The above code example tells us how to implement permission-based email sending and notification in Laravel. By combining Laravel's email and notification functions with the permission control function, we can send different emails and notifications based on the user's permissions.

Summary:
In this article, we learned how to implement permission-based emails and notifications in Laravel. By using Laravel's email and notification functions, combined with the authorization function, we can send different emails and notifications based on the user's permissions. This provides us with great flexibility in implementing permission management and user prompts. In actual projects, we can expand and customize it according to specific needs to meet the needs of the project. Hope this article is helpful to you.

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