How to manage container images in GitLab

How to manage container images in GitLab

Introduction:
Container technology has developed rapidly in recent years and has become an important tool for modern software development and deployment. As the cornerstone of containers, container images play an important role in software development, testing and release. As a popular code management platform, GitLab can not only manage code, but also manage container images. This article will introduce how to manage container images in GitLab and provide specific code examples.

1. Create a project
First, create a new project in GitLab. You can create a project through the "New Project" button on the GitLab page or through a command line tool, for example:

$ git init
$ git remote add origin <gitlab-url>
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "Initial commit"
$ git push -u origin master

2. Register GitLab CI/CD Runner
In order to manage container images in GitLab, we You need to register a GitLab CI/CD Runner. Runner is an agent that performs continuous integration and continuous deployment tasks defined in GitLab. You can register a Runner in "Settings"->"CI/CD"->"Runners" on the GitLab page and follow the prompts to install and configure it.

3. Create the .gitlab-ci.yml file
In the root directory of the project, create a file named .gitlab-ci.yml. This file is used to define the pipeline tasks of GitLab CI/CD, including the construction, release and deployment of container images. An example is as follows:

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - release

variables:
  DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME: <image-name>
  DOCKER_TAG: ${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}

build_image:
  stage: build
  script:
    - docker build -t $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME:${DOCKER_TAG} .
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
    - docker push $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME:${DOCKER_TAG}

test_image:
  stage: test
  script:
    - docker pull $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME:${DOCKER_TAG}
    - <run-tests-command>

release_image:
  stage: release
  script:
    - docker pull $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME:${DOCKER_TAG}
    - <deploy-to-production-command>

In this example, we define three phases: build, test and release. In the build phase, we use the Docker command to build the container image, log in to the GitLab container repository using the credentials in the CI environment variable, and push the image. In the test phase, we pull the image from the GitLab container repository and run the test command. In the release phase, we pull the image from the GitLab container repository and deploy it to the production environment.

4. Submit and run the pipeline task
Submit the .gitlab-ci.yml file to the GitLab warehouse and push it to the remote warehouse:

$ git add .gitlab-ci.yml
$ git commit -m "Add .gitlab-ci.yml"
$ git push origin master

GitLab will New commits are automatically detected and pipeline tasks begin. You can view the status and output of the pipeline in "CI/CD"->"Pipelines" on the GitLab page. After the pipeline is completed, you can see the built image in the GitLab container repository.

Conclusion:
By creating a project in GitLab, registering the Runner and writing the .gitlab-ci.yml file, we can easily manage container images. GitLab provides powerful CI/CD functions that can help us automatically build, test and deploy container images, improving the efficiency of software development and delivery. The sample code provided above can be used as a reference, and specific pipeline tasks can be customized according to actual needs.

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