Build scalable PHP application architecture using Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB

Build a scalable PHP application architecture using Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB

Introduction:
With the development of cloud computing and virtualization technology, the use of Containers have become one of the mainstream solutions today to build and manage applications. In traditional application deployment, configuring and managing the application environment is often tedious and error-prone. The use of containerization technology can package applications and the environments they depend on, thus simplifying the application deployment and management process.

This article will introduce how to use the three tools Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB to build a scalable PHP application architecture, and provide specific code examples. I hope that through the introduction of this article, readers can understand how to use these tools to build a stable and scalable application environment.

1. Basic concepts of Docker Compose
Docker Compose is a tool for defining and managing multi-container Docker applications. Through a separate yaml file, we can define various components of the application, including container images, environment variables, network configuration, etc.

The following is an example of a basic Docker Compose file:

version: '3'
services:
  web:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./app:/usr/share/nginx/html
    links:
      - php
  php:
    image: php:fpm
    volumes:
      - ./app:/var/www/html
  db:
    image: mariadb:latest
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=myapp
      - MYSQL_USER=myuser
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=mypassword

In the above example, we defined three services: web, php and db. The web service uses the latest Nginx image and exposes the container port 80, mapping the external port 80 to the container's port 80. At the same time, we also mounted the ./app directory to the container's /usr/share/nginx/html directory, so that the files on the host and the files in the container can be synchronized. The php service uses the official PHP-FPM image and mounts the ./app directory to the container's /var/www/html directory. The db service uses the latest MariaDB image and sets some environment variables to configure the database.

2. Integration of Nginx and PHP
In Docker-based application architecture, Nginx is usually used as a reverse proxy server to forward static file requests to the Nginx server and dynamic requests to PHP-FPM server handles it. The following is an Nginx configuration example:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ .php$ {
        fastcgi_pass php:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

In the above example, we first define a server block, listen to port 80, and set a server_name. Next, use the location directive to configure the request forwarding rules. When the requested URI ends with .php, the request will be forwarded to port 9000 of the php service, and the requested file name will be passed to the PHP-FPM server as the SCRIPT_FILENAME parameter.

3. MariaDB configuration
When building a scalable application architecture, the scalability of the database is also very important. In the Docker architecture, we can quickly deploy and configure a database instance by using the MariaDB image.

In the above example of the Docker Compose file, we used the latest MariaDB image and set some environment variables to configure the database. Through these environment variables, we can set the root password, database name, username and password of the database.

4. Use Docker Compose to build and manage applications
With the above configuration file, we can use Docker Compose commands to build and manage our applications. Here are some commonly used Docker Compose commands:

• Start the application:

  docker-compose up -d

• Close the application:

  docker-compose down

• View the log of the application:

  docker-compose logs

• View the status of the application:

  docker-compose ps

Through these commands, we can conveniently Build, launch and manage applications easily.

5. Summary
This article introduces how to use Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB to build a scalable PHP application architecture, and provides specific code examples. By using these tools, we can simplify the application deployment and management process and achieve application scalability.

It should be noted that the examples provided in this article are for demonstration purposes only and may be somewhat different from the actual production environment. During the actual deployment process, adjustments and optimizations need to be made based on actual conditions.

I hope that through the introduction of this article, readers can have a basic understanding of using Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB to build scalable PHP application architecture, and be able to apply these technologies in practice to build their own applications. .

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