How to handle file compression and decompression in Python

How to deal with file compression and decompression in Python

Introduction:
In daily development and work, we often encounter the need to deal with file compression Decompression problem. Python provides some powerful libraries that allow us to easily handle file compression and decompression operations. This article will introduce commonly used file compression and decompression libraries in Python and provide specific code examples.

1. zipfile library
   zipfile library is Python's built-in library for processing ZIP files. Through it, we can compress and decompress ZIP files.

Compressed files:
The following is a sample code that shows how to use the zipfile library to compress a folder.

import zipfile
import os

def zip_folder(folder_path, output_path):
    with zipfile.ZipFile(output_path, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder_path):
            for file in files:
                zipf.write(os.path.join(root, file), os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file), folder_path))

folder_path = '/path/to/folder'
output_path = '/path/to/output.zip'
zip_folder(folder_path, output_path)

Unzip the file:
The following is a sample code that shows how to use the zipfile library to decompress a ZIP file.

import zipfile

def unzip_file(zip_path, output_path):
    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'r') as zipf:
        zipf.extractall(output_path)

zip_path = '/path/to/zip.zip'
output_path = '/path/to/output_folder'
unzip_file(zip_path, output_path)

2. tarfile library
   The tarfile library is Python’s built-in library for processing tar files. Through it, we can compress and decompress tar files.

Compressed files:
Below is a sample code that shows how to use the tarfile library to compress a folder.

import tarfile
import os

def tar_folder(folder_path, output_path):
    with tarfile.open(output_path, 'w:gz') as tar:
        tar.add(folder_path, arcname=os.path.basename(folder_path))

folder_path = '/path/to/folder'
output_path = '/path/to/output.tar.gz'
tar_folder(folder_path, output_path)

Unzip the file:
The following is a sample code that shows how to use the tarfile library to unzip a tar file.

import tarfile

def untar_file(tar_path, output_path):
    with tarfile.open(tar_path, 'r:gz') as tar:
        tar.extractall(output_path)

tar_path = '/path/to/tar.tar.gz'
output_path = '/path/to/output_folder'
untar_file(tar_path, output_path)

3. gzip library
   The gzip library is Python’s built-in library that handles gzip file compression and decompression.

Compressed files:
Below is a sample code that shows how to use the gzip library to compress files.

import gzip

def gzip_file(file_path, output_path):
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as f_in:
        with gzip.open(output_path, 'wb') as f_out:
            f_out.writelines(f_in)

file_path = '/path/to/file.txt'
output_path = '/path/to/output.txt.gz'
gzip_file(file_path, output_path)

Decompressing files:
Below is a sample code that shows how to use the gzip library to decompress files.

import gzip

def gunzip_file(gzip_path, output_path):
    with gzip.open(gzip_path, 'rb') as f_in:
        with open(output_path, 'wb') as f_out:
            f_out.writelines(f_in)

gzip_path = '/path/to/gzip.txt.gz'
output_path = '/path/to/output.txt'
gunzip_file(gzip_path, output_path)

Summary:
By using the zipfile, tarfile and gzip libraries in Python, we can easily handle file compression and decompression operations. These libraries provide easy-to-use interfaces and rich functional options to meet various needs in daily work. In the process of using these libraries, we can flexibly choose the appropriate method according to the specific situation to achieve the purpose of efficiently processing file compression and decompression.

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