解决方案
很多开发中涉及到用户的Session验证很保留的问题,这个问题比较有意思,总结了几种方案,只供参考。
[ 问题提出 ]
为了满足足够大的应用,满足更多的客户,于是我们架设了N台Web服务器(N>=2),在多台Web服务器的情况下,我们会涉及到一个问题:用户登陆一台服务器以后,如果在跨越到另一台服务器的时候能够继续使用客户的Session?
(以下描述方案只是针对Linux/Unix Apache Mysql PHP的开发架构,当然,也可以扩展到其他平台。)
[ 问题解决方案 ]
既然我们的问题已经摆在面前了,那么就要从技术角度去解决问题,给我们的客户更好的体验,总结了几个方案。
1. 写客户端Cookie的方式
当用户登陆成功以后,把网站域名、用户名、密码、token、session有效时间全部采用cookie的形式写入到客户端的cookie里面,如果用户从一台Web服务器跨越到另一台服务器的时候,我们的程序主动去检测客户端的cookie信息,进行判断,然后提供对应的服务,当然,如果cookie过期,或者无效,自然就不让用户继续服务了。当然,这种方法的弊端就不言而喻了,比如客户端禁用了cookie或者cookie被黑客窃取了呢?
2. 服务器之间Session数据同步的方式
假设Web服务器A是所有用户登陆的服务器,那么当用户验证登陆一下,session数据就会写到A服务器里,那么就可以自己写脚本或者守护进程来自动把session数据同步到其他Web服务器,那么当用户跳转到其他服务器的时候,那么session数据是一致的,自然就能够直接进行服务无须再次登陆了。缺点是,可能会速度慢,不稳定,如果是单向同步的话,登陆服务器出现问题,那么其他服务器也无法服务,当然也可以考虑双向同步的问题。
3. 利用NFS共享Session数据的方式
其实这个方案和下面的Mysql方案类似,只是存储方式不一样。大致就是有一台公共的NFS服务器(Network File Server)做共享服务器,所有的Web服务器登陆的时候把session数据写到这台服务器上,那么所有的session数据其实都是保存在这台NFS服务器上的,不论用户访问那太Web服务器,都要来这台服务器获取session数据,那么就能够实现共享session数据了。缺点是依赖性太强,如果NFS服务器down掉了,那么大家都无法工作了,当然,可以考虑多台NFS服务器同步的形式。
(关于NFS的经典文章:http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server/0330nfs.php)
4. 利用Mysql数据库共享Session数据的方式
这个方式与NFS的方式类似,也是采用一台Mysql服务器做共享服务器,把所有的session的数据保存到Mysql服务器上,所有Web服务器都来这台Mysql服务器来获取Session数据。缺点也是依赖性太强,Mysql无法工作了影响所有的Web服务器,当然,可以考虑多太Mysql数据库来共享session,使用同步Mysql数据的方式。
(Mysql同步我写过文章:http://blog.csdn.net/heiyeshuwu/archive/2005/10/31/520007.aspx)
5. 使用硬件设备
这个算是比较成熟的解决方案了,使用类似BIG-IP的负载设备来实现资源共享,那么就能够又稳定又合理的的共享Session了。目前很多门户网站采用这种方式。缺点很明显了,就是要收费了,硬件设备肯定需要购买成本的,不过对于专业或者大型应用来讲,是比较合理并且值得的。
(关于BIG-IP设备:http://www.f5.com.cn/channel.php?channel=product&type=BIG-IP-应用流量管理&id=36)
以上这些只是我的个人愚见,没有经过试验,不保证其准确实在性,只是提供一种想法和参考。

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP makes it easy to create interactive web content. 1) Dynamically generate content by embedding HTML and display it in real time based on user input or database data. 2) Process form submission and generate dynamic output to ensure that htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS. 3) Use MySQL to create a user registration system, and use password_hash and preprocessing statements to enhance security. Mastering these techniques will improve the efficiency of web development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


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