How to implement distributed cache architecture in Java

How to implement distributed cache architecture in Java

With the rapid development of the Internet, a large amount of data needs to be processed and stored. In order to improve the efficiency of data reading and writing, distributed cache architecture has become a common solution. This article will introduce how to implement a distributed cache architecture in Java and provide specific code examples.

1. Understand the basic principles of distributed caching

The basic principle of distributed caching is to store data in multiple servers and use a consistent hash algorithm to determine the location of data storage. . When data needs to be obtained, the server where the data is located is found through a hash algorithm and the data is read from the server.

2. Select cache middleware

The first step in implementing a distributed cache architecture in Java is to choose the appropriate cache middleware. Currently, the more commonly used cache middleware are Redis and Memcached. They all provide rich operating interfaces for convenient data access operations.

3. Use the Java client library

After selecting the cache middleware, we can use the Java client library to connect and operate the cache middleware. Taking Redis as an example, we can use Jedis as a Java client library. First, you need to import the Jedis dependencies:

<dependency>
    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>

Then you can use the following code example to connect to Redis and read and write data:

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
 
public class RedisExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 连接Redis服务器
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");
 
        // 写入数据
        jedis.set("key", "value");
 
        // 读取数据
        String value = jedis.get("key");
        System.out.println(value);
 
        // 关闭连接
        jedis.close();
    }
}

4. Use consistent hashing algorithm

In a distributed cache architecture, we need to use a consistent hash algorithm to determine the location of data storage. The consistent hashing algorithm can ensure that data migration is minimized when adding or reducing cache servers. The following is an example implementation of a simple consistent hashing algorithm:

import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;
 
public class ConsistentHashingExample {
    // 缓存服务器列表
    private List<String> serverList;
    // 虚拟节点哈希映射表
    private Map<Long, String> virtualNodeMap;
 
    public ConsistentHashingExample() {
        serverList = new ArrayList<>();
        virtualNodeMap = new HashMap<>();
    }
 
    // 添加缓存服务器
    public void addServer(String server) {
        serverList.add(server);
        // 添加虚拟节点到哈希映射表
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            long hash = getHash(server + "-" + i);
            virtualNodeMap.put(hash, server);
        }
        // 对哈希映射表进行排序
        List<Long> hashList = new ArrayList<>(virtualNodeMap.keySet());
        Collections.sort(hashList);
        virtualNodeMap.clear();
        // 只保留虚拟节点哈希映射表中最接近缓存服务器的前3个数据
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            long hash = hashList.get(i);
            String name = virtualNodeMap.get(hash);
            virtualNodeMap.put(hash, name);
        }
    }
 
    // 获取数据所在的缓存服务器
    public String getServer(String data) {
        long hash = getHash(data);
        // 查找大于等于数据哈希值的虚拟节点
        SortedMap<Long, String> tailMap = virtualNodeMap.tailMap(hash);
        if (tailMap.isEmpty()) {
            // 如果没有找到虚拟节点，则返回第一个虚拟节点
            return virtualNodeMap.get(virtualNodeMap.firstKey());
        }
        // 返回最接近的虚拟节点
        return tailMap.get(tailMap.firstKey());
    }
 
    // 计算字符串的哈希值
    private long getHash(String key) {
        CRC32 crc32 = new CRC32();
        crc32.update(key.getBytes());
        return crc32.getValue();
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConsistentHashingExample example = new ConsistentHashingExample();
        example.addServer("server1");
        example.addServer("server2");
        example.addServer("server3");
 
        String data1 = "data1";
        String data2 = "data2";
        String data3 = "data3";
 
        String server1 = example.getServer(data1);
        String server2 = example.getServer(data2);
        String server3 = example.getServer(data3);
 
        System.out.println(data1 + " 存储在 " + server1);
        System.out.println(data2 + " 存储在 " + server2);
        System.out.println(data3 + " 存储在 " + server3);
    }
}

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