简体中文国标字库(1981年订,中国大陆)。7445个字符,其中汉字6773个,包括一级汉字3755个,二级汉字3008个。采用2字节(16位二进制)编码。
区位码:国标GB2312规定,所有的国标汉字与符号组成一个94×94的矩阵。在此方阵中,每一行称为一个”区”,每一列称为一个”位”,因此,这个方阵实际上组成了一个有94个区(区号分别为0 1到94)、每个区内有94个位(位号分别为01到94)的汉字字符集。一个汉字所在的区号和位号简单地组合在一起就构成了该汉字的”区位码”。在汉字的区位码中,高两位为区号,低两位为位号。由此可见,区位码与汉字或符号之间是一一对应的。
内码:汉字的内码是指在计算机中表示汉字的编码。机内码与区位码稍有区别。为什么不直接用区位码作为计算机内的编码呢? 这是因为汉字的区码和位码的范围都在1到94内, 如果直接用区位码作机内码, 就会与基本ASCII码冲突。 汉字的内码通常与所使用的计算机系统有关。目前,对于国内大多数的计算机系统,一个汉字的内码占两个字节,分别称为高位字节与低位字节,且这两位字节与区位码的关系如下: 内码高位=区码 A0H(H表示十六进制) 内码低位=位码 A0H 例如,汉字”啊”的区位码为”1601″,区码和位码分别用十六进制表示即为”1001H”,则它的内码为”B0A1H”。其中B0H为内码的高位字节,A1H为内码的低位字节。
php代码:返回由0和1组成的字符串。
/**
* 读取汉字点阵数据
*
* @author legend <legendsky@hotmail.com>
* @link http://www.ugia.cn/?p=82
* @Copyright www.ugia.cn
*/
$str = "中华人民共和国" ;
$font_file_name = "simsun12.fon" ; // 点阵字库文件名
$font_width = 12 ; // 单字宽度
$font_height = 12 ; // 单字高度
$start_offset = 0 ; // 偏移
$fp = fopen ( $font_file_name , "rb" );
$offset_size = $font_width * $font_height / 8 ;
$string_size = $font_width * $font_height ;
$dot_string = "" ;
for ( $i = 0 ; $i < strlen ( $str ); $i )
{
if ( ord ( $str { $i }) > 160 )
{
// 先求区位码,然后再计算其在区位码二维表中的位置,进而得出此字符在文件中的偏移
$offset = (( ord ( $str { $i }) - 0xa1 ) * 94 ord ( $str { $i 1 }) - 0xa1 ) * $offset_size ;
$i ;
}
else
{
$offset = ( ord ( $str { $i }) 156 - 1 ) * $offset_size ;
}
// 读取其点阵数据
fseek ( $fp , $start_offset $offset , SEEK_SET );
$bindot = fread ( $fp , $offset_size );
for ( $j = 0 ; $j < $offset_size ; $j )
{
// 将二进制点阵数据转化为字符串
$dot_string .= sprintf ( "b" , ord ( $bindot { $j }));
}
}
fclose ( $fp );
echo $dot_string ;
?>
其中包括两个点阵字体文件:一个为16×16的chs16.fon,另一个为12×12的simsun12.fon,偏移均为零。

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