Key points of performance optimization of PHP flash killing system in high concurrency environment

Key points of performance optimization of PHP flash sale system in high concurrency environment, specific code examples are required

Abstract: With the continuous development of the Internet, the competition in the e-commerce industry has become increasingly fierce. , flash sale activities have become one of the important means for major e-commerce platforms to attract users. However, when a large number of users rush to buy goods at the same time, how to ensure the performance and availability of the flash sale system has become an urgent problem to be solved. This article will introduce how to optimize the performance of the PHP flash sale system from several key aspects, including database design, caching strategy, distributed deployment and code optimization.

1. Database design
In a high-concurrency environment, the database is often one of the bottlenecks of system performance. In order to improve the reading and writing performance of the database, the following optimization strategies can be adopted:

1. Properly select the database engine: For application scenarios with more reading and less writing, you can choose to use the InnoDB engine, which has better concurrency performance and transaction support. For scenarios where there is a lot of writing and little reading, you can choose to use the MyISAM engine, which has certain advantages in writing performance.

2. Optimize database indexes: Properly adding indexes can speed up database queries. In the flash sale system, a unique index can be established based on product ID or user ID to avoid performance problems with full table scans.

3. Use database connection pool: In high concurrency scenarios, the establishment and disconnection of database connections will consume considerable resources. Using a connection pool can avoid frequently creating and destroying database connections, improving system performance and connection reuse rate.

2. Caching strategy
Cache is another key point to improve system performance. In the flash sale system, the following caching strategies can be adopted:

1. Page staticization: Generate the static content of the flash sale page into HTML files, reduce the rendering of dynamic pages and database access, and improve system performance.

Code example:

$cacheKey = 'seckill:page:' . $itemId . ':' . $userId;
$html = $this->cache->get($cacheKey);
if (empty($html)) {
    $html = $this->generateSeckillPage($itemId, $userId);
    $this->cache->set($cacheKey, $html, 60); // 缓存页面，有效期60秒
}
echo $html;

2. Product inventory cache: Cache the inventory information of flash sale products in the cache to reduce the frequency of access to the database and improve system performance.

Code example:

$cacheKey = 'seckill:stock:' . $itemId;
$stock = $this->cache->get($cacheKey);
if (empty($stock)) {
    $stock = $this->getSeckillStock($itemId); // 从数据库获取库存信息
    $this->cache->set($cacheKey, $stock, 60); // 缓存库存信息，有效期60秒
}

3. Distributed deployment
In a high-concurrency environment, a single machine cannot meet the performance requirements of the system. Distributed deployment can be used to improve the concurrency capability of the system. Specifically, it includes the following aspects:

1. Database sub-database and sub-table: By horizontally splitting database tables into multiple database instances, it reduces the pressure on a single database and improves the concurrent processing capability of the system.

2. Load balancing: Use load balancing technology to evenly distribute traffic to various servers to improve system throughput and availability.

Code example:

upstream seckill_backend {
    server 192.168.0.100:80 weight=1;
    server 192.168.0.101:80 weight=1;
    server 192.168.0.102:80 weight=1;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://seckill_backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

4. Code optimization
Writing code reasonably can improve the performance and maintainability of the system. In the flash sale system, the following aspects of code optimization can be adopted:

1. Reduce database operations: Using batch operations and transaction mechanisms can reduce the number of accesses to the database and improve system performance.

2. Use memory queue: After reading the flash sale request from the database, you can put the request into the memory queue for asynchronous processing to reduce the pressure on the database.

Code example:

public function seckill(Request $request)
{
    $itemId = $request->input('item_id');
    $userId = $request->input('user_id');

    $message = [
        'itemId' => $itemId,
        'userId' => $userId,
    ];
    $this->queue->push('seckill', $message); // 将请求放入队列
}

3. Code optimization: avoid performing time-consuming operations in loops, rationally use cache and index, reduce unnecessary calculations and IO operations, etc.

In summary, the performance optimization of the PHP flash sale system in a high-concurrency environment is a complex task that requires comprehensive consideration from multiple aspects such as database design, caching strategy, distributed deployment, and code optimization. By properly optimizing the system, the system's concurrency capabilities and user experience can be improved, bringing stable revenue and user reputation to the e-commerce platform.
Number of words at the end of the article: 899 words

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