Format specifiers in C language

The format specifiers are used in C for input and output purposes. Using this concept the compiler can understand that what type of data is in a variable during taking input using the scanf() function and printing using printf() function. Here is a list of format specifiers.

Format Specifier	Type
%c	Character
%d	Signed integer
%e or %E	Scientific notation of floats
%f	Float values
%g or %G	Similar as %e or %E
%hi	Signed integer (short)
%hu	Unsigned Integer (short)
%i	Unsigned integer
%l or %ld or %li	Long
%lf	Double
%Lf	Long double
%lu	Unsigned int or unsigned long
%lli or %lld	Long long
%llu	Unsigned long long
%o	Octal representation
%p	Pointer
%s	String
%u	Unsigned int
%x or %X	Hexadecimal representation
%n	Prints nothing
%%	Prints % character

These are the basic format specifiers. We can add some other parts with the format specifiers. These are like below −

• A minus symbol (-) sign tells left alignment

• A number after % specifies the minimum field width. If string is less than the width, it will be filled with spaces

• A period (.) is used to separate field width and precision

Example

 Live Demo

#include <stdio.h>
main() {
   char ch = &#39;B&#39;;
   printf("%c</p><p>", ch); //printing character data
   //print decimal or integer data with d and i
   int x = 45, y = 90;
   printf("%d</p><p>", x);
   printf("%i</p><p>", y);
   float f = 12.67;
   printf("%f</p><p>", f); //print float value
   printf("%e</p><p>", f); //print in scientific notation
   int a = 67;
   printf("%o</p><p>", a); //print in octal format
   printf("%x</p><p>", a); //print in hex format
   char str[] = "Hello World";
   printf("%s</p><p>", str);
   printf("%20s</p><p>", str); //shift to the right 20 characters including the string
   printf("%-20s</p><p>", str); //left align
   printf("%20.5s</p><p>", str); //shift to the right 20 characters including the string, and print string up to 5 character
   printf("%-20.5s</p><p>", str); //left align and print string up to 5 character
}

输出

B
45
90
12.670000
1.267000e+001
103
43
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello
Hello

我们可以以相同的方式使用这些格式说明符来使用scanf()函数。因此，我们可以像上面打印的那样从scanf()中获取输入。

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