What is the difference between oracle stored procedures and functions

The differences between oracle stored procedures and functions include functional differences, calling methods, return values, transaction processing, and usage scenarios. Detailed introduction: 1. Functional differences. A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements and logical operations. It is used to perform specific tasks or operations. Stored procedures can contain control structures, can accept parameters, and can return results. Stored procedures usually Used to perform complex business logic, such as data processing and transaction management, a function is a piece of executable code that accepts input parameters and returns a value, etc.

The operating system of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Oracle version 19c, DELL G3 computer.

Oracle stored procedures and functions are reusable blocks of code stored in the database that can be called in applications. While they have some similarities, they also have some important differences. The difference between Oracle stored procedures and functions will be introduced in detail below.

Functional differences:

A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements and logical operations that are used to perform specific tasks or operations. Stored procedures can contain control structures (such as conditional statements and loops), can accept parameters, and can return results. Stored procedures are often used to perform complex business logic, such as data processing and transaction management.

A function is an executable piece of code that accepts input parameters and returns a value. A function can perform some calculation or processing and return the result to the caller as a return value. Functions are often used to calculate and return specific values, such as mathematical calculations or string manipulation.

Differences in calling methods:

Stored procedures can be used by executing the CALL statement or calling them directly. Stored procedures can be executed in the database and used in applications by connecting to the database and calling the stored procedure.

Functions can be called directly from SQL statements or in stored procedures. Functions can be used in queries and can return a value that can be used in further calculations or queries. Functions can be used directly in queries without requiring additional calls like stored procedures.

Return value difference:

The stored procedure can return results through output parameters or using the OUT keyword. Stored procedures can perform a series of operations and return multiple results.

Functions always return a value and can be used in queries. A function can return a scalar value (such as an integer, string, or date), or it can return a table type so that the result set returned by the function can be used in a query.

Transaction processing difference:

Stored procedures can contain transaction processing statements (such as COMMIT and ROLLBACK) to support transaction management. Stored procedures can perform multiple operations within a transaction and have ACID properties (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability).

Functions cannot contain transaction statements because functions are designed to be reusable blocks of code that do not change data. Functions should only perform calculations and processing, and return results.

Differences in usage scenarios:

Stored procedures are usually used to perform complex business logic and data processing. They can be used for tasks such as data import, transformation, cleaning and validation. Stored procedures can be called within the application or automatically executed through scheduled tasks or triggers.

Function is usually used to calculate and return a specific value. They can be used in SQL queries to perform calculations and processing within the query. Functions can be used in queries or stored procedures.

To sum up, Oracle stored procedures and functions are different in terms of functions, calling methods, return values, transaction processing and usage scenarios. Stored procedures are suitable for performing complex business logic and data processing, while functions are suitable for calculating and returning specific values. Understanding these differences can help programmers choose the right tool to meet business needs.

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