How can we perform ROLLBACK transaction in MySQL stored procedure?

We know that ROLLBACK will revert any changes made to the database after the transaction started. To execute ROLLBACK within a MySQL stored procedure, we must declare an EXIT handler. We can use handlers for sqlException or SQL warnings. It can be understood with the help of an example, where a stored procedure of ROLLBACK is created for a table with the following details -

mysql> SHOW CREATE table gg\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: gg
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `gg` (
   `Id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   `Name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (`Id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

We can see that the column "name" cannot have NULL value and the table has the following data -

mysql> Select * from employee.tbl;
+----+---------+
| Id | Name    |
+----+---------+
|  1 | Mohan   |
|  2 | Gaurav  |
|  3 | Sohan   |
|  4 | Saurabh |
|  5 | Yash    |
|  6 | Rahul   |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Example

mysql> Delimiter //
mysql> Create Procedure st_transaction_Rollback()
    -> BEGIN
    -> DECLARE exit handler for sqlexception
    -> BEGIN
    -> ROLLBACK;
    -> END;
    -> DECLARE exit handler for sqlwarning
    -> BEGIN
    -> ROLLBACK;
    -> END;
    -> START TRANSACTION;
    -> INSERT INTO employee.tbl(name) values();
    -> UPDATE employee.tbl set name = 'YashPal' where id = 5;
    -> COMMIT;
    -> END //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> Delimiter ;
mysql> CALL st_transaction_Rollback ()
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> Select * from employee.tbl;
+----+---------+
| Id | Name    |
+----+---------+
|  1 | Mohan   |
|  2 | Gaurav  |
|  3 | Sohan   |
|  4 | Saurabh |
|  5 | Yash    |
|  6 | Rahul   |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

From the above result set we can see that the changes made by the UPDATE statement have been ROLLBACKED because the first query of INSERT threw an error (trying to insert a NULL value) .

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