The latest progress and application practice of PHP cryptography

The latest progress and application practice of PHP cryptography

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet and the increasing importance of data security, cryptography As a discipline that studies the protection of information security, it has received widespread attention and research. In this regard, recent advances in PHP cryptography enable developers to better protect users' sensitive information and provide more secure applications. This article will introduce the latest progress in PHP cryptography, as well as code examples in practical application scenarios.

1. Latest progress

1. Hash algorithm
   The hash algorithm is a technique commonly used in cryptography, which converts input data of any length into a fixed length output value. Hash functions in PHP have developed very maturely, such as MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, etc. However, due to the risk of collision attacks in MD5 and SHA-1, more and more developers are beginning to adopt more secure hashing algorithms, such as SHA-256 and SHA-512.

Sample code:

$data = "HelloWorld";
$hashedData = hash("sha256", $data);
echo "Hashed data: " . $hashedData;

2. Symmetric encryption algorithm
   Symmetric encryption algorithm uses the same key for encryption and decryption. Commonly used symmetric encryption algorithms in PHP are AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and DES (Data Encryption Standard), etc. The latest development is that PHP provides a more convenient AES-256-GCM encryption mode, which can provide encryption and integrity verification of data at the same time.

Sample code:

$data = "HelloWorld";
$key = "MyKey123";
$encryptedData = openssl_encrypt($data, 'aes-256-gcm', $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv, $tag);
echo "Encrypted data: " . base64_encode($encryptedData);

3. Public key encryption algorithm
   The public key encryption algorithm uses a pair of keys, namely the public key and the private key, where the public key is For encrypting data, the private key is used to decrypt the data. Commonly used public key encryption algorithms in PHP include RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography). The latest development is that PHP 7.2 introduces the libsodium extension, which makes using ECC very convenient.

Sample code:

$data = "HelloWorld";
$keyPair = sodium_crypto_box_keypair();
$publicKey = sodium_crypto_box_publickey($keyPair);
$privateKey = sodium_crypto_box_secretkey($keyPair);
$encryptedData = sodium_crypto_box_seal($data, $publicKey);
echo "Encrypted data: " . base64_encode($encryptedData);

2. Application practice

1. User password storage
   In the user registration and login functions, the password storage is A critical mission. A common practice in the past was to store user passwords in clear text in the database, so that once the database was breached, the user passwords would also be exposed. Now, we can store user passwords encrypted using a hashing algorithm for improved security.

Sample code:

$password = "MyPassword123";
$hashedPassword = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
echo "Hashed password: " . $hashedPassword;

2. Data transmission encryption
   During the data transmission process, in order to prevent the data from being eavesdropped or tampered with, a symmetric encryption algorithm can be used to encrypt the data. encryption. For example, when a user submits form data on a browser, we can encrypt the data using the AES-256-GCM algorithm, and then decrypt and process it on the server side.

Sample code:

$data = $_POST["data"];
$key = "MyKey123";
$encryptedData = openssl_encrypt($data, 'aes-256-gcm', $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv, $tag);
// 传输加密后的数据

3. Digital signature
   Digital signature is a technology used to verify data integrity and identity authentication. In web applications, public key encryption algorithms can be used for digital signatures to ensure that the data has not been tampered with during transmission.

Sample code:

$data = $_POST["data"];
$privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyFile);
openssl_sign($data, $signedData, $privateKey, OPENSSL_ALGO_SHA256);
// 传输签名后的数据

Conclusion:
PHP cryptography plays an important role in the security field, and users' sensitive information can be effectively protected by applying cryptography technology . This article introduces the latest progress in PHP cryptography and provides code examples in practical application scenarios. We hope to provide some help and guidance to developers in data security.

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