下面来谈谈SQL注入攻击是如何实现的,又如何防范。
看这个例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
// supposed input
$name = "ilia'; DELETE FROM users;";
mysql_query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name='{$name}'");
很明显最后数据库执行的命令是:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name=ilia; DELETE FROM users
这就给数据库带来了灾难性的后果–所有记录都被删除了。
不过如果你使用的数据库是MySQL,那么还好,mysql_query()函数不允许直接执行这样的操作(不能单行进行多个语句操作),所以你可以放心。如果你使用的数据库是SQLite或者PostgreSQL,支持这样的语句,那么就将面临灭顶之灾了。
上面提到,SQL注入主要是提交不安全的数据给数据库来达到攻击目的。为了防止SQL注入攻击,PHP自带一个功能可以对输入的字符串进行处理,可以在较底层对输入进行安全上的初步处理,也即Magic Quotes。(php.ini magic_quotes_gpc)。如果magic_quotes_gpc选项启用,那么输入的字符串中的单引号,双引号和其它一些字符前将会被自动加上反斜杠\。
但Magic Quotes并不是一个很通用的解决方案,没能屏蔽所有有潜在危险的字符,并且在许多服务器上Magic Quotes并没有被启用。所以,我们还需要使用其它多种方法来防止SQL注入。
许多数据库本身就提供这种输入数据处理功能。例如PHP的MySQL操作函数中有一个叫mysql_real_escape_string()的函数,可将特殊字符和可能引起数据库操作出错的字符转义。
看这段代码:
复制代码 代码如下:
//如果Magic Quotes功用启用
if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
$name = stripslashes($name);
}else{
$name = mysql_real_escape_string($name);
}
mysql_query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name='{$name}'");
注意,在我们使用数据库所带的功能之前要判断一下Magic Quotes是否打开,就像上例中那样,否则两次重复处理就会出错。如果MQ已启用,我们要把加上的\去掉才得到真实数据。
除了对以上字符串形式的数据进行预处理之外,储存Binary数据到数据库中时,也要注意进行预处理。否则数据可能与数据库自身的存储格式相冲突,引起数据库崩溃,数据记录丢失,甚至丢失整个库的数据。有些数据库如 PostgreSQL,提供一个专门用来编码二进制数据的函数pg_escape_bytea(),它可以对数据进行类似于Base64那样的编码。
如:
复制代码 代码如下:
// for plain-text data use:
pg_escape_string($regular_strings);
// for binary data use:
pg_escape_bytea($binary_data);
另一种情况下,我们也要采用这样的机制。那就是数据库系统本身不支持的多字节语言如中文,日语等。其中有些的ASCII范围和二进制数据的范围重叠。
不过对数据进行编码将有可能导致像LIKE abc% 这样的查询语句失效。

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP makes it easy to create interactive web content. 1) Dynamically generate content by embedding HTML and display it in real time based on user input or database data. 2) Process form submission and generate dynamic output to ensure that htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS. 3) Use MySQL to create a user registration system, and use password_hash and preprocessing statements to enhance security. Mastering these techniques will improve the efficiency of web development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool