Detailed explanation of static resource optimization and dynamic content caching techniques for building Nginx servers

Detailed explanation of static resource optimization and dynamic content caching techniques for building Nginx servers

1. Introduction

Nginx is a high-performance HTTP and reverse proxy server that is widely used to build stable and Efficient web services. When using Nginx to build a server, we can use some optimization and caching techniques to improve its performance and efficiency and provide a better user experience.

This article will introduce in detail how to use Nginx for static resource optimization and dynamic content caching, including setting cache expiration time, enabling gzip compression, setting caching rules and configuration best practices, etc. We also provide code examples to help you better understand and practice these techniques.

2. Static resource optimization

1. Set cache expiration time

Static resources such as images, CSS and JavaScript generally do not change frequently, so they can Reduce server pressure by setting cache expiration time. In the Nginx configuration file, you can use the expires directive to set the cache expiration time of static resources. The following is an example:

location ~* .(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {

expires 7d;

}

The above configuration indicates that for Static resources matching the specified suffix will be cached for 7 days. In this way, when accessing the same resource within 7 days, the browser will obtain it directly from the local cache, reducing requests to the server.

2. Enable gzip compression

Enabling gzip compression can effectively reduce the size of transferred files and improve page loading speed. In the Nginx configuration file, you can use the gzip directive to enable gzip compression. Here is an example:

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/javascript;
gzip_vary on;

The above configuration indicates that gzip compression is enabled and some related parameters are set, such as compression level, file type, etc.

3. Dynamic content caching

1. Set caching rules

For dynamically generated content, we can use Nginx’s proxy_cache directive to implement caching. The following is an example of setting up a proxy cache:

http {

proxy_cache_path /path/to/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=10g inactive=60m;

server {
    location / {
        proxy_cache my_cache;
        proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
        proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

}

In the above configuration, we use proxy_cache_path to define the cache path and related parameters. In the server block, enable caching through the proxy_cache directive, and use proxy_cache_valid to set the cache validity time.

2. Configuration Best Practices

In addition to the above basic configuration, you can also configure more Nginx cache-related instructions according to actual needs to achieve better performance and users experience. The following are some examples of best practices:

http {

...

proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
proxy_cache_lock on;
proxy_cache_lock_age 5s;
proxy_cache_lock_timeout 10s;
proxy_cache_revalidate on;
proxy_cache_background_update on;
proxy_cache_bypass $cookie_nocache $arg_nocache$arg_comment;

...

}

In the above configuration, we use proxy_cache_use_stale to set the behavior after cache expiration, and proxy_cache_lock to enable Cache locking function, proxy_cache_revalidate to re-verify the validity of cached objects, etc.

4. Summary

This article introduces in detail how to use Nginx to optimize static resources and cache dynamic content. By setting cache expiration, enabling gzip compression, setting caching rules and configuring best practices, we can improve server performance and user experience.

During practice, we also demonstrated specific configuration methods and usage techniques through code examples. I hope that through the introduction of this article, you can better understand and use Nginx for server optimization and caching techniques, and provide users with faster and more stable web services.

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