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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP缓存技术的多种方法小结_PHP

1、普遍缓存技术:

  数据缓存:这里所说的数据缓存是指数据库查询PHP缓存机制,每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存数据是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据,并把查询结果序列化后保存到文件中,以后同样的查询结果就直接从缓存表或文件中获得。

  用的最广的例子看Discuz的搜索功能,把结果ID缓存到一个表中,下次搜索相同关键字时先搜索缓存表。

  举个常用的方法,多表关联的时候,把附表中的内容生成数组保存到主表的一个字段中,需要的时候数组分解一下,这样的好处是只读一个表,坏处就是两个数据同步会多不少步骤,数据库永远是瓶颈,用硬盘换速度,是这个的关键点。

2、 页面缓存:

  每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存页面文件是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据,显示页面并同时生成缓存页面文件,这样下次访问的时候页面文件就发挥作用了。(模板引擎和网上常见的一些PHP缓存机制类通常有此功能)

3、 时间触发缓存:

   检查文件是否存在并且时间戳小于设置的过期时间,如果文件修改的时间戳比当前时间戳减去过期时间戳大,那么就用缓存,否则更新缓存。

4、 内容触发缓存:

   当插入数据或更新数据时,强制更新PHP缓存机制。

5、 静态缓存:

  这里所说的静态缓存是指静态化,直接生成HTML或XML等文本文件,有更新的时候重生成一次,适合于不太变化的页面,这就不说了。


以上内容是代码级的解决方案,下面的内容是服务器端的缓存方案,非代码级的,要有多方的合作才能做到

6、 内存缓存:

  Memcached是高性能的,分布式的内存对象PHP缓存机制系统,用于在动态应用中减少数据库负载,提升访问速度。

7、 php的缓冲器:

   有eaccelerator, apc, phpa,xcache,这个这个就不说了吧,搜索一堆一堆的,自己看啦,知道有这玩意就OK

8、 MYSQL缓存:

  这也算非代码级的,经典的数据库就是用的这种方式,看下面的运行时间,0.09xxx之类的

9、 基于反向代理的Web缓存:

   如Nginx,SQUID,mod_proxy(apache2以上又分为mod_proxy和mod_cache)

10、 DNS轮询:
 
  BIND是一款开放源码的DNS服务器软件,这个要说起来就大了,自己搜索去,大家知道有这个东西就行了。
  我知道的有chinacache等大站就是这样做的,说简单点就是多服务器啦,把同一个页面或文件缓存到不同的服务器上,按南北自动解析到相关的服务器中。
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