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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialAn article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

1. Foreword

If there is a list and the name "xiaoWang" needs to be written incorrectly, the code must be modified through the corresponding index value.

nameList = ['xiaoZhang', 'xiaoWang', 'xiaoLi']
nameList[1] = 'xiaoxiaoWang

If the order of the list has changed, as follows:

nameList = ['xiaoWang', 'xiaoZhang',  'xiaoLi']

At this time You need to modify the subscript to complete the name modification.

 nameList[0] = 'xiaoxiaoWang'

#Is there any way to store multiple data and locate the required one easily while accessing the elements? What about that element? This is the dictionary.


## 2. Introduction to the dictionary

  • Dictionaries, like lists, can also store multiple data.

  • #When looking for an element in the list, it is based on the subscript.

  • When looking for an element in the dictionary, it is based on the 'name' (that is, the value in front of the colon:, such as 'name', ' id', 'sex').

  • #Each element of the dictionary consists of 2 parts, key: value. For example, 'name':'monitor', where 'name' is the key and 'monitor' is the value.

  • Access value based on key

    Example:

  • # #
    info = {'name':'班长', 'id':100, 'sex':'f', 'address':'地球亚洲中国北京'}
    
    
    print(info['name'])
    
    
    print(info['address'])
Run result:


若访问不存在的键,则会报错:

>>> info['age']


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  
KeyError: &#39;age&#39;

在我们不确定字典中是否存在某个键而又想获取其值时,可以使用get方法,还可以设置默认值。

>>> age = info.get(&#39;age&#39;)
>>> age    #&#39;age&#39;键不存在,所以age为None
>>> type(age)
<type &#39;NoneType&#39;>
>>> age = info.get(&#39;age&#39;, 18) # 若info中不存在&#39;age&#39;这个键,就返回默认值18
>>> print(age) 
18  #运行结果

1. 字典的常见操作

添加元素

info = {&#39;name&#39;:&#39;班长&#39;, &#39;sex&#39;:&#39;f&#39;, &#39;address&#39;:&#39;地球亚洲中国北京&#39;}


print(&#39;id为:%d&#39;%info[&#39;id&#39;])

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

如果在使用 变量名['键'] = 数据 时,这个“键”在字典中,不存在,那么就会新增这个元素。

添加新的元素。

info = {&#39;name&#39;:&#39;班长&#39;, &#39;sex&#39;:&#39;f&#39;, &#39;address&#39;:&#39;地球亚洲中国北京&#39;}


# print(&#39;id为:%d&#39;%info[&#39;id&#39;])#程序会终端运行,因为访问了不存在的键


newId = input(&#39;请输入新的学号&#39;)


info[&#39;id&#39;] = newId


print(&#39;添加之后的id为:%d&#39;%info[&#39;id&#39;])

运行结果:

请输入新的学号188
添加之后的id为: 188

删除元素

对字典进行删除操作,有一下几种:

  • del

  • clear()

del删除指定的元素

info = {&#39;name&#39;:&#39;班长&#39;, &#39;sex&#39;:&#39;f&#39;, &#39;address&#39;:&#39;地球亚洲中国北京&#39;}


print(&#39;删除前,%s&#39;%info[&#39;name&#39;])


del info[&#39;name&#39;]


print(&#39;删除后,%s&#39;%info[&#39;name&#39;])

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

del删除整个字典。

info = {&#39;name&#39;:&#39;monitor&#39;, &#39;sex&#39;:&#39;f&#39;, &#39;address&#39;:&#39;China&#39;}


print(&#39;删除前,%s&#39;%info)


del info


print(&#39;删除后,%s&#39;%info)

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

clear清空整个字典。

info = {&#39;name&#39;:&#39;monitor&#39;, &#39;sex&#39;:&#39;f&#39;, &#39;address&#39;:&#39;China&#39;}


print(&#39;清空前,%s&#39;%info)


info.clear()


print(&#39;清空后,%s&#39;%info)

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

修改元素

字典的每个元素中的数据是可以修改的,只要通过key找到,即可修改。

info = {&#39;name&#39;:&#39;班长&#39;, &#39;id&#39;:100, &#39;sex&#39;:&#39;f&#39;, &#39;address&#39;:&#39;地球亚洲中国北京&#39;}


newId = input(&#39;请输入新的学号&#39;)


info[&#39;id&#39;] = int(newId)


print(&#39;修改之后的id为%d:&#39;%info[&#39;id&#39;])

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


2. 字典的常见操作2

len()

测量字典中,键值对的个数。

dict={"name":&#39;zahnsan&#39;,&#39;sex&#39;:&#39;m&#39;}


print(len(dict))

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python

keys

返回一个包含字典所有KEY的列表。

dict={"name":&#39;zahnsan&#39;,&#39;sex&#39;:&#39;m&#39;}


print(dict.keys())

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


values

返回一个包含字典所有value的列表。

dict={"name":&#39;zahnsan&#39;,&#39;sex&#39;:&#39;m&#39;}


print(dict.values())

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


items

返回一个包含所有(键,值)元祖的列表。

dict={"name":&#39;zahnsan&#39;,&#39;sex&#39;:&#39;m&#39;}


print(dict.items())

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


三、遍历

语法:通过for ... in ...:的语法结构,我们可以遍历字符串、列表、元组、字典等数据结构。

注意 :Python语法的缩进

先看一下字符串,列表和元组是怎么遍历的。

 字符串遍历

>>> a_str = "hello itcast"
>>> for char in a_str:
...     print(char,end=&#39; &#39;)
...
h e l l o   i t c a s t #运行结果

 列表遍历

>>> a_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> for num in a_list:
...     print(num,end=&#39; &#39;)
...
1 2 3 4 5 #运行结果

元组遍历

>>> a_turple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
>>> for num in a_turple:
...     print(num,end=" ")
1 2 3 4 5 #运行结果

字典遍历

1 . 遍历字典的key(键)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


2 . 遍历字典的value(值)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


3. 遍历字典的项(元素)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


4. 遍历字典的key-value(键值对)

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


5. enumerate()

chars = [&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;, &#39;d&#39;]
for i, chr in enumerate(chars):
    print(i, chr)

运行结果:

An article to help you understand the basic dictionary knowledge of Python


四、总结

本文以生活中字典的实际应用,主要介绍了Python字典的基础知识,用丰富的案例,帮助大家更好的去了解字典常见的的基础操作。

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