Large-scale data storage and processing: comparison between MySQL and TiDB

Large-scale data storage and processing: Comparison between MySQL and TiDB

Introduction:
With the advent of the big data era, data storage and processing have become an indispensable part of enterprise development. In the field of data storage, MySQL has always been one of the most popular relational databases. However, with the explosive growth of Internet business and data volume, MySQL gradually revealed the problem of insufficient scalability. TiDB is a brand new distributed database system that has many advantages in solving large-scale data storage and processing. This article will conduct a comparative analysis of MySQL and TiDB.

1. Introduction to MySQL
MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is popular for its simplicity, ease of use, stability and reliability. However, MySQL's scalability has certain limitations. In scenarios with large amounts of data, the read and write pressure on MySQL will gradually increase, leading to performance degradation and even downtime. In addition, MySQL's support for distributed environments is relatively weak, making it difficult to meet the needs of distributed storage and processing.

2. Introduction to TiDB
TiDB is a new generation of distributed database system developed by PingCAP. It realizes distributed data processing and query by horizontally splitting and distributed storage of data. TiDB adopts a distributed transaction design, which can maintain data consistency and reliability, as well as scalability and high availability.

3. Performance comparison
The following is a performance comparison between MySQL and TiDB through sample code.

MySQL sample code:

CREATE TABLE employee (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
age INT,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, 'Alice', 25, 5000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, 'Bob', 30, 8000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, 'Charlie', 35, 10000);

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE age > 30;

TiDB sample code:

CREATE TABLE employee (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
age INT,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2)
) ENGINE=TiDB;

INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, 'Alice', 25, 5000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, 'Bob', 30, 8000);
INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, 'Charlie', 35, 10000);

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE age > 30;

Through comparison, it can be seen that under the same data volume and conditions, TiDB's query performance is significantly better than MySQL. TiDB adopts a distributed architecture and parallel query method, which can disperse data across multiple nodes for processing, greatly improving query speed and concurrency capabilities.

4. Scalability comparison
In large-scale data storage and processing scenarios, scalability has become an important consideration.

The scalability of MySQL is mainly achieved through master-slave replication and sharding technology. Master-slave replication can distribute the read load to multiple slave nodes for processing, but the write load is still borne by the master node. Sharding technology can split data into multiple shards and distribute them to different nodes for storage and processing. However, these extension methods require manual configuration and management, and there are certain complexities and limitations.

TiDB uses automatic horizontal splitting and distributed storage to achieve scalability. As the data storage engine of TiDB, TiKV can dynamically and automatically split and migrate data according to load conditions, so that data can be evenly distributed on multiple nodes and achieve horizontal expansion capabilities. At the same time, TiDB also supports dynamic expansion and contraction, that is, nodes can be added and reduced at any time according to business needs, which improves the flexibility and scalability of the system.

5. Summary
Through the comparative analysis of MySQL and TiDB, it can be seen that TiDB has obvious advantages in large-scale data storage and processing. TiDB adopts a distributed architecture and automatic horizontal expansion to provide higher performance, scalability and reliability. However, in actual applications, selecting a database system requires evaluation and selection based on specific scenarios and needs. Comprehensive considerations include performance, availability, cost, etc.

Reference materials:

1. MySQL official documentation: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/
2. TiDB official documentation: https://docs. pingcap.com/tidb/stable

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