MySQL and PostgreSQL: Database Replication and Failure Recovery Tips

MySQL and PostgreSQL: Database Replication and Failure Recovery Tips

Introduction:
In today's information age, databases play a very important role. Whether you are an enterprise or an individual user, you need an efficient and reliable database to store and manage data. MySQL and PostgreSQL are two widely used relational database management systems (DBMS). During database operations, replication and failure recovery are two key technologies. This article discusses database replication and failure recovery techniques in MySQL and PostgreSQL and provides code examples.

1. MySQL database replication skills
MySQL database replication refers to the process of copying the contents of one database to another database. This replication technology improves database availability and performance. The following are several common techniques for implementing MySQL database replication:

1. MySQL master-slave replication
   MySQL master-slave replication is a common database replication technology that automatically copies data from a master database to One or more from the database. The master database is used for write operations and the slave database is used for read operations. Master-slave replication can improve the read and write performance of the database and achieve high availability. The following is a simple MySQL master-slave replication configuration example:

(code example 1):
Master server configuration (host name: master):

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin

Slave server configuration (Host name: slave):

[mysqld]
server-id=2
replicate-do-db=mydb

2. MySQL dual-master replication
   MySQL dual-master replication is a common database replication technology in which two master databases replicate data with each other. This technology provides higher availability and performance. The following is a simple MySQL dual-master replication configuration example:

(code example 2):
Master server 1 configuration (host name: master1):

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2

Master server 2 configuration (host name: master2):

[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2

3. MySQL multi-level master-slave replication
   MySQL multi-level master-slave replication is a complex but powerful database replication technology in which multiple master databases Copy data to each other. This technology provides higher levels of availability and performance. The following is a simple MySQL multi-level master-slave replication configuration example:

(code example 3):
Master server 1 configuration (host name: master1):

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin

Master server 2 configuration (host name: master2):

[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
replicate-do-db=mydb

Slave server 1 configuration (host name: slave1):

[mysqld]
server-id=3
log-bin=mysql-bin
replicate-do-db=mydb

2. PostgreSQL database failure recovery skills
PostgreSQL is a A powerful open source relational database management system that provides a variety of fault recovery techniques. The following is a brief introduction to several common PostgreSQL failure recovery techniques:

1. PostgreSQL point-in-time recovery
   PostgreSQL supports point-in-time recovery, that is, the database can be restored to a specific point in time. . This recovery technique helps users eliminate wrong operations or corrupted data. The following is a simple point-in-time based recovery code example:

(code example 4):

pg_restore --create --dbname=mydb --host=myhost --username=myuser --no-owner mydb.bak

2. PostgreSQL logical backup and restore
   PostgreSQL supports logical backup and Restore, which exports a database to one or more files and restores data from those files. The following is a simple logical backup and restore code example:

(code example 5):
Logical backup:

pg_dump --dbname=mydb --username=myuser --file=mydb.backup

Logical restore:

pg_restore --dbname=mydb --username=myuser --no-owner mydb.backup

3. PostgreSQL Physical Backup and Restore
   PostgreSQL also supports physical backup and restore, which can copy the entire database physical files to another location and recover data from these files. The following is a simple physical backup and restore code example:

(code example 6):
Physical backup:

pg_basebackup -D /path/to/backup

Physical restore:

pg_ctl stop -D /path/to/data
rm -rf /path/to/data/*
pg_basebackup -x -D /path/to/data -P
pg_ctl start -D /path/to/data

Conclusion:
Database replication and failure recovery techniques are important means to ensure database availability and data integrity. Both MySQL and PostgreSQL provide a variety of technologies for database replication and failure recovery. This article introduces the master-slave replication, dual-master replication and multi-level master-slave replication techniques in MySQL, as well as point-in-time recovery, logical backup and restore, physical backup and restore techniques in PostgreSQL, and provides corresponding code examples. Hopefully these tips will help readers better deal with the challenges of database replication and failure recovery.

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