Comparison of distributed transaction processing capabilities of MySQL and TiDB

Comparison of distributed transaction processing capabilities between MySQL and TiDB

With the increase in the scale and complexity of Internet business, distributed databases have become the first choice for enterprises. As a mature relational database, MySQL has always had good performance and reliability. TiDB is an emerging distributed database developed by PingCAP, based on the design concept of Google Spanner, and has quickly emerged.

In a distributed environment, how to handle transactions has become a very important issue. The ACID properties of transactions (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) are crucial to ensuring data integrity and consistency. In this article, we will compare the advantages and disadvantages of MySQL and TiDB in terms of distributed transaction processing capabilities, and add some code examples to illustrate.

First, let’s take a look at MySQL’s distributed transaction processing capabilities. MySQL itself supports distributed transactions based on the XA protocol, but in a distributed environment, transactions using the XA protocol will face some challenges. First of all, XA transactions have high requirements for network transmission, and it is easy for transactions to time out or be rolled back due to network failures. Secondly, during the execution of XA transactions, global resources need to be locked, which will reduce concurrency performance and availability. Thirdly, MySQL does not support cross-shard transactions, which means that transaction operations cannot be performed on data that spans multiple shards. Therefore, in high-concurrency and large-scale distributed scenarios, MySQL's distributed transaction processing capabilities are relatively weak.

Next let’s take a look at TiDB’s distributed transaction processing capabilities. TiDB is based on the distributed consistency algorithm Raft and has strong consistency and high availability. TiDB adopts a method based on multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) to implement transaction isolation levels, solving problems such as read-write conflicts, dirty reads, and non-repeatable reads. In addition, TiDB supports pessimistic locking and optimistic locking. Pessimistic locking is suitable for scenarios with high concurrent writes and ensures transaction consistency by locking resources. Optimistic locking is suitable for scenarios with high concurrent reading and improves concurrency performance through version control. In addition, TiDB also supports distributed transactions, which can perform transaction operations on data across multiple nodes. These features enable TiDB to have better transaction processing capabilities in high concurrency and large-scale distributed environments.

Let’s look at some code examples to compare the differences between MySQL and TiDB in distributed transaction processing.

First is the sample code of MySQL:

-- 创建分布式事务
START TRANSACTION;

-- 在表A中插入数据
INSERT INTO tableA (columnA) VALUES ('valueA');

-- 在表B中插入数据
INSERT INTO tableB (columnB) VALUES ('valueB');

COMMIT;

The above example uses the XA protocol to create a distributed transaction in MySQL. You need to use the START TRANSACTION statement to start the transaction, and then execute the corresponding transaction in different databases. operation, and finally commit the transaction through the COMMIT statement.

Then there is the sample code of TiDB:

-- 创建分布式事务
START TRANSACTION;

-- 在表A中插入数据
INSERT INTO tableA (columnA) VALUES ('valueA');

-- 在表B中插入数据
INSERT INTO tableB (columnB) VALUES ('valueB');

COMMIT;

Compared with MySQL, there is almost no difference in the sample code of TiDB. TiDB also supports using START TRANSACTION to start transactions and commit transactions through the COMMIT statement.

Through the comparison of the above sample codes, we can see that TiDB has more powerful and flexible distributed transaction processing capabilities than MySQL. In high-concurrency and large-scale distributed scenarios, TiDB can better maintain transaction consistency and availability and ensure data integrity.

To sum up, there are certain differences between MySQL and TiDB in terms of distributed transaction processing capabilities. MySQL uses the XA protocol for distributed transaction processing, but there are some limitations in high concurrency and large-scale distributed environments. TiDB has better transaction processing capabilities through the support of Raft algorithm, MVCC and distributed transactions, and is suitable for high concurrency and large-scale distributed application scenarios.

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