Choice of data storage engine: comparison between MySQL and TiDB

Selection of data storage engine: Comparison between MySQL and TiDB

Introduction:
With the advent of the big data era, data management and storage have become a part that cannot be ignored in the development of enterprises. When choosing a data storage engine, we often encounter many choices. Among them, MySQL and TiDB are two data storage engines that have attracted much attention. This article will compare them and give some code examples to help readers better understand the differences between them.

1. Introduction to MySQL
MySQL is a widely used open source relational database management system that supports multiple platforms. It can be used in a variety of applications, from small personal projects to large enterprise-level applications. MySQL uses SQL language for data management and query. The following is a sample code for MySQL to create a table and insert data:

CREATE TABLE employees (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    age INT,
    department VARCHAR(50)
);

INSERT INTO employees (id, name, age, department)
VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 30, 'IT'),
       (2, 'Jane Smith', 25, 'Marketing'),
       (3, 'Bob Johnson', 35, 'HR');

2. Introduction to TiDB
TiDB is a distributed relational database with horizontal expansion and high availability. Different from traditional MySQL, TiDB adopts a distributed architecture, which can store data on multiple nodes to achieve automatic data sharding and load balancing. The following is a sample code for TiDB to create a table and insert data:

CREATE TABLE employees (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    age INT,
    department VARCHAR(50)
);

INSERT INTO employees (id, name, age, department)
VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 30, 'IT'),
       (2, 'Jane Smith', 25, 'Marketing'),
       (3, 'Bob Johnson', 35, 'HR');

3. Comparison between MySQL and TiDB

1. Data distribution and load balancing
   MySQL requires manual data sharding and load balancing configuration, while TiDB can automatically distribute data across multiple nodes and achieve load balancing.
2. Data consistency
   MySQL uses master-slave replication to achieve data consistency. After data is written on the master node, the slave node will replicate the data asynchronously. TiDB uses the Raft protocol to achieve data consistency and ensures data consistency by electing Leader nodes.
3. Scalability
   MySQL has limited scalability and usually requires manual vertical or horizontal expansion. TiDB's distributed architecture allows it to easily expand horizontally by adding more nodes.

4. Code Example
The following is a sample code for querying using MySQL:

SELECT name, age FROM employees WHERE department = 'IT';

The code for querying using TiDB is similar to MySQL:

SELECT name, age FROM employees WHERE department = 'IT';

5. Summary
MySQL and TiDB are two excellent data storage engines. They are different in terms of data distribution and load balancing, data consistency and scalability. For small applications and simple query scenarios, MySQL is a good choice. For large-scale applications and scenarios requiring high availability, TiDB may be more suitable. I hope this article has provided some help to readers when choosing a data storage engine.

(Note: The table structure and data in the above example code are for demonstration only, and the actual application needs to be designed and adjusted accordingly according to the needs.)

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