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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP中include与require使用方法区别详解_PHP

在PHP变成中,include()与require()的功能相同,include(include_once) 与 require(require_once)都是把把包含的文件代码读入到指定位置来,但是二者再用法上有区别:(include()是有条件包含函数,而require()则是无条件包含函数)

1, 使用方式不同

(1) require 的使用方法如 require("requireFile.php"); 。这个函式通常放在 PHP 程式的最前面,PHP 程式在执行前,就会先读入 require 所指定引入的档案,使它变成 PHP 程式网页的一部份。常用的函式,亦可以这个方法将它引入网页中。引入是无条件的,发生在程序执行前,不管条件是否成立都要导入(可能不执行)。
(2) include 使用方法如 include("includeFile.php"); 。这个函式一般是放在流程控制的处理区段中。PHP 程式网页在读到 include 的档案时,才将它读进来。这种方式,可以把程式执行时的流程简单化。引入是有条件的,发生在程序执行时,只有条件成立时才导入(可以简化编译生成的代码)。

例如在下面的一个例子中,如果变量$somgthing为真,则将包含文件somefile:

复制代码 代码如下:
if($something){
include("somefile");
}

但不管$something取何值,下面的代码将把文件somefile包含进文件里:
复制代码 代码如下:
if($something){
require("somefile");
}

下面的这个有趣的例子充分说明了这两个函数之间的不同。
复制代码 代码如下:
$i = 1;
while ($i require("somefile.$i");
$i++;
}

在这段代码中,每一次循环的时候,程序都将把同一个文件包含进去。很显然这不是程序员的初衷,从代码中我们可以看出这段代码希望在每次循环时,将不同的文件包含进来。如果要完成这个功能,必须求助函数include():
复制代码 代码如下:
$i = 1;
while ($i include("somefile.$i");
$i++;
}

2. 执行时报错方式不同

include和require的区别:include引入文件的时候,如果碰到错误,会给出提示,并继续运行下边的代码,require引入文件的时候,如果碰到错误,会给出提示,并停止运行下边的代码。例如下面例子:

 
写两个php文件,名字为test1.php  和test2.php,注意相同的目录中,不要存在一个名字是test3.php的文件。

test1.php
复制代码 代码如下:
include  (”test3.php”);
echo  “abc”;
?>

test2.php
复制代码 代码如下:
require (”test3.php”)
echo  “abc”;
?>

浏览第一个文件,因为没有找到test999.php文件,我们看到了报错信息,同时,报错信息的下边显示了abc,你看到的可能是类似下边的情况:
Warning: include(test3.php) [function.include]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in D:\WebSite\test.php on line 2

Warning: include() [function.include]: Failed opening ‘test3.php' for inclusion (include_path='.;C:\php5\pear') in D:\WebSite\test.php on line 2
abc (下面的被执行了)

浏览第二个文件,因为没有找到test3.php文件,我们看到了报错信息,但是,报错信息的下边没有显示abc,你看到的可能是类似下边的情况:
Warning: require(test3.php) [function.require]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in D:\WebSite\test2.php on line 2

Fatal error: require() [function.require]: Failed opening required ‘test3.php' (include_path='.;C:\php5\pear') in D:\WebSite\test.php on line 2

下面的未被执行,直接结束
总之,include时执行时调用的,是一个过程行为,有条件的,而require是一个预置行为,无条件的。

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