php-fpm performance tuning guide

PHP-FPM Performance Tuning Guide

Overview:
With the continuous development of websites and applications, PHP-FPM has become a very important role in the ability to provide dynamic content. However, as the number of visits increases, PHP-FPM may face performance bottlenecks. In this guide, we'll introduce some best practices and strategies for performance tuning of PHP-FPM to help you realize its full performance potential.

1. Adjust the PHP-FPM configuration file
   By default, the PHP-FPM configuration file is usually /etc/php-fpm.conf or /etc/php/php-fpm.d/ www.conf. The following are some configuration parameters worth noting:

• pm.max_children: This is the maximum number of child processes that can be processed simultaneously in the PHP-FPM process pool. You can determine this value by looking at the server's total memory, number of CPU cores, and actual load. Setting it too high can result in high server load, and setting it too low can result in wasted resources and requests being queued. For example, a typical value could be the total memory divided by the average memory consumption per PHP process.
  Example:

  pm.max_children = 50

• pm.start_servers: This parameter sets the number of child processes created when PHP-FPM starts. This value can be adjusted according to actual conditions to ensure that there is no delay after startup.
  Example:

  pm.start_servers = 5

• pm.min_spare_servers and pm.max_spare_servers: They set the minimum and maximum number of available child processes in the PHP-FPM process pool, respectively, to handle idle ask. Adjust these two values ​​​​based on actual load conditions to ensure that there are enough processes to handle requests while preventing resource waste.
  Example:

  pm.min_spare_servers = 2
  pm.max_spare_servers = 10

2. Optimize PHP code
   In addition to configuring the parameters of PHP-FPM, you can also improve performance by improving PHP code. Here are some common optimization strategies:

• Avoid using too many resources: Reducing memory usage, optimizing queries, and avoiding using too many loops can all slow down PHP scripts execution time, thereby improving performance.
  Example:

  // 减少内存使用
  $variable = "This is a long string";
  // 优化查询
  $query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE column = :value";
  // 避免过度循环
  for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
    //...
  }

• Use caching: Using appropriate caching technology, such as Redis or Memcached, can reduce frequent access to the database or other resources, thus improving performance.
  Example:

  // 从缓存中获取数据
  $data = $redis->get('key');
  if (!$data) {
    // 访问数据库并将数据缓存起来
    $data = $db->query('SELECT * FROM table');
    $redis->set('key', $data);
  }

• Avoid unnecessary file operations: File reading and writing is a relatively slow operation. Minimize the number of disk accesses.

3. Using OPcache
   OPcache is an extension officially provided by PHP to accelerate the execution of PHP scripts. It stores precompiled scripts in memory, avoiding reparsing and compiling PHP files on every request. The following is an example of configuring OPcache:

[opcache]
opcache.enable=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.validate_timestamps=0

These are some basic principles and methods for optimizing PHP-FPM performance. Remember, performance tuning is an ongoing process that can be adjusted and improved based on actual application scenarios. By properly configuring PHP-FPM and optimizing PHP code, you will be able to fully utilize the performance potential of PHP-FPM and improve the response speed and performance of websites and applications.

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