Golang Learning Web Application Performance Optimization Practice Cache

As Web applications become more complex and larger in size, performance optimization becomes more and more important. Cache is one of the common methods that can improve the performance of web applications. This article will focus on how to use Cache in Golang to optimize the performance of web applications.

1. What is Cache?

Cache is a data storage technology that can cache data and improve data access speed. In web applications, you can use Cache to cache some frequently used data, such as database query results, API request responses, etc.

2. Why do you need Cache?

Performance optimization of web applications is a continuous process, and the goal of optimization is to improve user experience. According to Google's research, every additional 1 second in web page loading time will increase user churn rate by about 10%. This illustrates the importance of optimizing web application performance.

But for large-scale web applications, there are many ways to improve performance, so you need to choose the most effective optimization strategy. Cache is one of the very effective strategies.

In web applications, accessing databases is a common and time-consuming operation. If the query results are cached in the Cache, repeated queries to the database can be avoided. This can not only improve the performance of the program, but also reduce the load pressure on the database.

In addition, using Cache can also reduce the number of API requests. For example, if certain data on the front-end page is obtained from the API, we can cache the API response result in the Cache and directly use the cached data within a certain period of time to avoid repeated requests to the API.

3. Cache implementation in Golang

Golang is a high-performance programming language, so using Golang to implement Cache can achieve high performance. Golang provides some open source Cache libraries, such as go-cache, bigcache, groupcache, etc.

1. go-cache

go-cache is a lightweight Cache library suitable for small applications. The role of go-cache is to store data in memory, so it is not suitable for storing large amounts of data.

Using go-cache is very simple and can be achieved through the following steps:

import (
    "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
    "time"
)

// create new Cache instance
c := cache.New(5*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute)

// set value to Cache
c.Set("key", "value", cache.DefaultExpiration)

// get value from Cache
value, found := c.Get("key")

When using go-cache, you need to pay attention to the expiration time of the Cache. In the above code, 5 minutes is the expiration time of the data, and 10 minutes is the period for Cache to clear expired data.

2. bigcache

bigcache is a fast in-memory cache library that can store large amounts of data. Its advantage is that it is fast, efficient, and suitable for applications with high concurrency and large data volumes.

Using bigcache is also very simple and can be achieved through the following steps:

import (
    "github.com/allegro/bigcache"
    "time"
)

// configure bigcache with default settings
cache, _ := bigcache.NewBigCache(bigcache.DefaultConfig(10 * time.Minute))

// set value to Cache
cache.Set("key", []byte("value"))

// get value from Cache
entry, _ := cache.Get("key")
data := entry

When using bigcache, you need to pay attention to the size and expiration time of the data. The maximum memory limit of bigcache can be set via config.MaxBytes.

3. groupcache

groupcache is another fast Cache library that can distribute Cache to multiple machines to improve cache efficiency. Groupcache is suitable for large-scale applications involving multi-machine collaboration.

To use groupcache, you need to start the groupcache Server first, and then access the Cache through the groupcache Client. For specific implementation, please refer to the official documentation of groupcache.

4. Cache application scenarios

Cache is suitable for a variety of application scenarios. Here are some common examples.

1. Database query results

For some business scenarios where query frequency is relatively high and data updates are slow, you can choose to cache the query results in the Cache to avoid frequent access to the database. . For example:

import (
    "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
    "time"
)

// create new Cache instance
c := cache.New(5*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute)

// get value from Cache
value, found := c.Get("user_list")

if !found {
    // data not in Cache, need to query from database
    userList := getUserListFromDB()
    // set value to Cache
    c.Set("user_list", userList, cache.DefaultExpiration)
    return userList
  }

return value

In this example, if data exists in the Cache, the Cache data is returned directly; otherwise, the data needs to be queried from the database and the query results are cached in the Cache.

2. API request response

If an API request takes a lot of time and resources, you can choose to cache the API request response in the Cache for a period of time. Directly use Cache data to perform corresponding processing. For example:

import (
  "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
  "time"
)

// create new Cache instance
c := cache.New(5*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute)

// handle api request
func handleAPIRequest(key string) (string, error) {
  // get value from Cache
  value, found := c.Get(key)

  if !found {
    // data not in Cache, need to request api
    response, err := requestAPI(key)
    if err != nil {
      return "", err
    }

    // set value to Cache
    c.Set(key, response, cache.DefaultExpiration)

    return response, nil
  }

  return value.(string), nil
}

// request api
func requestAPI(key string) (string, error) {
  // do some api request and get response
  return "api response", nil
}

In this example, if the response data of the API request already exists in the Cache, the Cache data will be returned directly; otherwise, the API request needs to be sent to obtain the response data and the response data will be cached in the Cache.

5. Summary

Cache is a performance optimization technology widely used in Web applications. This article introduces three ways to implement Cache using Golang: go-cache, bigcache, and groupcache, and provides some common Cache application scenarios, such as database query results and API request responses. By using Cache, you can not only improve the performance of web applications, but also reduce the load pressure on back-end servers and databases, thereby improving system stability and reliability.

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