Golang Learning Common Web Security Vulnerabilities and Prevention

Golang is an efficient and reliable programming language that is widely used in the field of web development. However, as network security issues become increasingly severe, web application security issues are becoming more and more noticeable. This article will introduce common security vulnerabilities in web development and how to use Golang to prevent these vulnerabilities.

1. Cross-site scripting attack (XSS)

In web development, XSS is the most common vulnerability. Attackers inject JavaScript scripts into web pages to obtain users' sensitive information, perform malicious operations, and even control users' browsers. The following are some examples of XSS attacks:

1. The attacker injects JavaScript code in the comment box to steal user cookies;

2. The attacker introduces an iframe into the page Malicious web pages to perform phishing attacks;

3. The attacker injects JavaScript code through the URL to obtain the website administrator's account.

How to prevent XSS attacks?

1. Use template engine

Using template engine can effectively prevent XSS attacks. The template engine will escape special characters in HTML to prevent the entered content from being executed. Commonly used template engines in Golang include html/template and text/template.

2. Input filtering/verification

It is recommended to filter and verify the content input by the user. For example, the entered user name, password, phone number, etc. can be verified through regular expressions to prevent XSS attacks.

3. CSP

Content Security Policy (CSP) is a security measure that can define a series of policies on the Web server side to control Web page resources. CSP can limit the loading of JavaScript, CSS, images and other resources from specific sources in the page, thereby preventing the injection of malicious code.

2. SQL injection

SQL injection is a common method of attacking web applications. Attackers inject SQL statements into web applications in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the application. Control or tamper with data in the database. The following are some examples of SQL injection attacks:

1. The attacker injects SQL statements in the login box to obtain the administrator password;

2. The attacker injects SQL statements through the URL. Change the user's account information;

3. The attacker injects SQL statements through the search box to obtain sensitive data.

How to prevent SQL injection?

1. Input verification

When receiving the SQL statement entered by the user, the input content should be verified or filtered. For example, for keywords entered by the user, special characters such as quotation marks can be removed; for numbers entered by the user, range verification can be performed; for user names and passwords entered by the user, they should be encrypted.

2. Use prepared statements

Preprocessed statements can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. The SQL package in Golang supports the use of prepared statements for querying, thereby preventing SQL injection attacks.

3. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is an attack method that is widely used in web applications. An attacker can forge a user's request, thereby forcing the user to perform unexpected actions, such as submitting a form, changing a password, etc. The following are some examples of CSRF attacks:

1. The attacker forges a request to submit a form to obtain the user's sensitive information;

2. The attacker forges a request to change the password to Change the user's password;

3. The attacker forges a transfer request to transfer the user's funds.

How to prevent CSRF attacks?

1. Use CSRF tokens

CSRF tokens are a security measure that can effectively prevent CSRF attacks. In a web application, the CSRF token generates a unique identifier, which is then submitted to the server along with the form. The server will check whether the CSRF tokens in the form are consistent to prevent CSRF attacks from occurring.

2. Use verification code

Verification code is another way to prevent CSRF attacks. Before the user can submit the form, they need to enter a verification code, thus proving that the user is a human and not a machine. This approach can effectively prevent large-scale automated attacks.

3. Limit uploaded file types and sizes

Uploading files is one of the common web application operations. Attackers can use the file upload function to implement CSRF attacks. Therefore, in web applications, the type and size of uploaded files need to be verified to ensure that the uploaded files are legal and not malicious.

To sum up, Web security vulnerabilities are issues that must be paid attention to in Web application development. In Golang, web security vulnerabilities can be effectively prevented by using security measures such as template engines, input validation, prepared statements, CSRF tokens, and verification codes. If you are developing web applications, you must pay attention to web security issues so that you can calmly deal with various security challenges.

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