Production deployment and management using Docker and Kubernetes in Beego

With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more enterprises are beginning to migrate their applications to cloud platforms. Docker and Kubernetes have become two very popular and powerful tools for application deployment and management on cloud platforms.

Beego is a Web framework developed using Golang. It provides rich functions such as HTTP routing, MVC layering, logging, configuration management, Session management, etc. In this article, we will introduce how to use Docker and Kubernetes to deploy and manage Beego applications to facilitate rapid deployment and management of applications.

Introduction to Docker

Docker is a container-based virtualization technology that allows developers to package applications and all dependent libraries, configuration files, etc. in a container, so that Ensure that the application can run in any environment, and all dependent libraries and configurations are exactly the same.

When using Docker to deploy a Beego application, we can package the application, all dependent libraries, and configuration files in a container, and map the container to a certain port on the host machine. In this way, we can access our Beego application through the IP address and port of the host machine.

Docker deploys Beego applications

When using Docker to deploy Beego applications, we need to do the following steps:

1. Install Docker

Please follow Official documentation for installing Docker: https://docs.docker.com/install/

2. Create Dockerfile

Dockerfile is a plain text file that contains all instructions for building a Docker image . In the Dockerfile, we need to specify the Docker image to use, copy the application and all dependent libraries and configuration files to the container, start the Beego application, etc.

A simple Dockerfile example is as follows:

# 使用golang 1.13版本的Docker镜像
FROM golang:1.13

# 将当前目录下的所有文件复制到容器中/app目录下
ADD . /app

# 设置工作目录为/app
WORKDIR /app

# 编译Beego应用程序
RUN go build main.go

# 暴露8080端口
EXPOSE 8080

# 启动Beego应用程序
CMD ["./main"]

3. Build the Docker image

In the directory where the Dockerfile is located, execute the following command to build the Docker image:

docker build -t myapp:latest .

This command will package all the files in the directory where the Dockerfile is located into a Docker image with the label myapp:latest.

4. Run the Docker container

After building the Docker image, we can use the following command to run the Docker container:

docker run -p 8080:8080 myapp:latest

This command will run the label myapp:latest Docker image, and map the container's 8080 port to the host machine's 8080 port.

5. Access the Beego application

Now, we can access our Beego application by accessing http://localhost:8080 through the browser.

Introduction to Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration tool that can automatically deploy, scale and manage containerized applications. Using Kubernetes can provide applications with features such as high availability, scalability, and fault tolerance.

When using Kubernetes to deploy a Beego application, we need to first package the application and all dependent libraries and configuration files into a Docker image, and then deploy this Docker image to the Kubernetes cluster. Kubernetes will automatically run this Docker image on a node in the Kubernetes cluster and expose the service port to the outside.

Kubernetes deploys Beego applications

When using Kubernetes to deploy Beego applications, we need to do the following steps:

1. Install and configure the Kubernetes cluster

Please refer to the official documentation to install and configure the Kubernetes cluster: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/

2. Create Deployment

In Kubernetes, we use Deployment to define a deployable A collection of replicated containers that share the same configuration and storage volumes. Kubernetes will automatically assign these Pods (containers) to a node in the cluster and check their status to ensure high availability and fault tolerance of the application.

A simple Deployment example is as follows:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: myapp:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

This Deployment defines a replicable container collection named myapp-deployment, which contains 3 Pods and is selected using the label app=myapp Pod. The containers running in each Pod use the myapp:latest image and expose container port 8080.

3. Create Service

In Kubernetes, we use Service to expose the Pods in the Deployment to the outside. Service will assign a virtual IP and port to Pods and forward all requests to these Pods.

A simple Service example is as follows:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: myapp
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080
  type: LoadBalancer

This Service defines a load balancing service named myapp-service, which forwards the request to the Pod with the label app=myapp and sends the container Port 8080 is mapped to the Service port.

4. Deploy Beego application

After creating the Deployment and Service, we can use the following command to deploy the Beego application:

kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f service.yaml

This command will deploy a replicable container collection and a load balancing service and add them to the Kubernetes cluster.

5. Access the Beego application

Now, we can use the kubectl get svc command to obtain the virtual IP and port of the Service, and then access our Beego application through the browser.

Summary

In this article, we introduced how to use Docker and Kubernetes to deploy and manage Beego applications. Using these two tools, we can quickly deploy applications to the cloud platform and ensure application consistency, high availability, scalability, and fault tolerance. It is believed that these technologies will help with the deployment and management of increasingly complex Internet applications.

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