Database multi-active architecture optimization practice in PHP programming

With the continuous development of Internet business, the high availability and scalability of databases have become urgent issues that need to be solved in response to the high concurrency requirements for large-scale access. The database multi-active architecture has been widely used in this regard. This article will combine PHP programming practice to explore optimization solutions for database multi-active architecture.

1. Advantages of database multi-active architecture

Database multi-active architecture refers to data synchronization and load balancing of databases in different regions and different data centers to achieve high data efficiency. Availability, scalability and data load balancing. Its main advantages are:

1. Improve database availability: When a data center fails, databases in other data centers can replace it and continue to serve, thereby improving user data availability.
2. Reduce the read and write pressure on the database: When read and write operations need to be performed on the database, the multi-active architecture can distribute requests to different database centers through load balancing, thus reducing the read and write load on a single database. pressure.
3. Improve the processing capacity of the database: The multi-active architecture can disperse requests to multiple database centers, thus improving the processing capacity of the entire system. When the load on the data center is too high, processing capabilities can be increased by expanding the database and other measures.

2. Implementation plan of multi-active architecture

1. Solution based on off-site backup

Establish synchronous backup between different data centers , after each data writing, the data consistency between the main database and the standby database is synchronized. The advantage is that the overall data consistency is strong, but the disadvantage is that the delay caused by off-site backup is large.

2. Scheme based on master-slave replication

Synchronize the data of the master database to the slave database, and the slave database is generally used for read operations. The slave database can reduce the load on the master database by improving performance, but the synchronization delay may be higher.

3. Solution based on multi-master architecture

Multiple master databases realize data synchronization and achieve load balancing of business data. Each database is a master database and a slave database, used to synchronize other database data and load balancing. The advantage of this solution is good system scalability, but there may be problems with data consistency.

4. Distributed cluster-based solution

Distributes and stores data among multiple hosts, and each node can process requests and responses to achieve data load Balanced and high availability, but data synchronization between nodes is more difficult.

3. Practice in PHP programming

In PHP programming, you can practice the database multi-active architecture through the following three aspects:

1. Use distributed caching technology

Cache data on multiple servers, such as Memcached and Redis, to relieve single-point pressure and improve response speed.

2. Use database sub-database and sub-table technology

Divide database tables into sub-databases and tables, thereby reducing the read and write pressure on a single table and improving the read and write performance of the system. For example, you can use MySQL's distributed extension architecture MyCAT automatic routing to implement table partitioning, making it more convenient and efficient.

3. Use database read-write separation technology

Separate read operations and write operations. Write operations are only performed in the main library, while read operations are only performed in the slave library. . This can reduce the reading and writing pressure on the main library, improve the system's concurrent access capabilities, and better meet user needs.

4. Summary

Multi-active architecture can effectively improve the availability and high concurrent access capabilities of the database system, but different modes have different effects on the stability of the system, and the choice needs to be based on actual needs. In PHP programming, you can practice multi-active architecture by using caching technology, database sharding, read-write separation, etc. to improve the stability and performance of the system.

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