Detailed explanation of permission control and access control of Gin framework

The Gin framework is a lightweight Web framework that uses the coroutine mechanism of the Go language and an efficient routing matching algorithm to quickly process HTTP requests. At the same time, the Gin framework also provides a powerful middleware mechanism that can easily implement permission control and access control. This article will introduce the permission control and access control mechanism of the Gin framework in detail to help developers better master this function.

1. The middleware mechanism of the Gin framework

Before understanding the permission control and access control mechanisms of the Gin framework, we need to first understand the middleware mechanism of the Gin framework. Middleware refers to a mechanism that pre-processes or post-processes requests during request processing. Middleware can intercept, filter, modify and other operations on requests to achieve various functions. In the Gin framework, middleware adopts a processing method similar to the onion model. Multiple middlewares can be called in a chain to process requests multiple times. The Gin framework provides two ways of defining middleware: global middleware and local middleware.

Global middleware refers to the middleware defined before routing registration, which can process all requests. Global middleware can be defined through the Use() function, for example:

router := gin.Default()
router.Use(AuthMiddleware())

This code defines a global middleware AuthMiddleware(), which will process all requests.

Partial middleware refers to middleware defined after route registration, which only processes a specific request. Local middleware can be defined through the Handlers() or Handle() function, for example:

router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/users", AuthMiddleware(), ListUsersHandler())

This code defines a routing processing function for GET requests with the path "/users", and also adds a local Middleware AuthMiddleware(), this middleware only processes GET requests with the path "/users".

2. Permission control of the Gin framework

Permission control refers to authenticating the user's identity and determining whether the user has the right to perform a certain operation based on the user's identity. The Gin framework can implement permission control through the middleware mechanism. Generally speaking, permission control needs to be handled in global middleware to ensure that all requests are authenticated. The following is an example of implementing permission control:

func AuthMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        token := c.GetHeader("Authorization")
        if token == "" {
            c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusUnauthorized)
            return
        }

        // TODO: 对Token进行验证，判断用户是否有权限
        // ...

        c.Next()
    }
}

This middleware first obtains the Authorization field from the request header. If the field is empty, it returns a 401 error and terminates the request processing. Then the Token is verified to determine whether the user has the authority to make the request. Finally, call the c.Next() function to continue processing the request.

3. Access control of Gin framework

Access control refers to restricting users and controlling their access to a certain resource. The Gin framework can implement access control through middleware mechanisms. Access control can take two forms: whitelist and blacklist.

Whitelist means that only certain users are allowed to access certain resources, and other users are not authorized to access. A whitelist can be defined in local middleware to process a specific request. For example:

func OnlyAdmin Middleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        user := c.MustGet("user").(*model.User)
        if user.Role != "admin" {
            c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusForbidden)
            return
        }

        c.Next()
    }
}

router.GET("/admin", OnlyAdmin(), AdminPageHandler())

This code defines a routing processing function for GET requests with the path "/admin", and also adds a local middleware OnlyAdmin(). This middleware only allows those with administrator roles. user access. If it is another user, return a 403 error and terminate the request processing.

Blacklist refers to prohibiting certain users from accessing certain resources, while other users can access them. The blacklist can be defined in the global middleware to process all requests. For example:

func BanlistMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
    bannedUsers := []string{"user1", "user2", "user3"}

    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        user := c.MustGet("user").(*model.User)
        if contains(bannedUsers, user.Username) {
            c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusForbidden)
            return
        }

        c.Next()
    }
}

router.Use(BanlistMiddleware())

This code defines a global middleware BanlistMiddleware(), which prohibits access by certain users. If the user is on the banned list, return a 403 error and terminate request processing. This middleware is defined before route registration and processes all requests.

4. Summary

The middleware mechanism of the Gin framework is very powerful and can easily implement different functions. In this article, we learned about the permission control and access control mechanisms of the Gin framework, which can help us better protect the security of web applications. Of course, this is only the basis of permission control and access control. In actual applications, more complex logic and security mechanisms are needed to protect the security of the system.

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