The practice of using cache to speed up server response efficiency in Golang.

Golang is a modern programming language that is very popular in the development of server-side applications. However, some server performance bottlenecks can cause server responses to slow down when processing requests. These bottlenecks may be related to processing large amounts of data, network latency, or other thread-related issues. In this article, we will explore how to use caching to speed up the response efficiency of your Golang server and provide some best practices and sample code.

1. What is cache?

Cache is a mechanism for temporarily storing data that is used to reduce access to back-end memory or processors. When the same data is requested repeatedly, caching can effectively avoid unnecessary data requests and processing, thereby improving server performance. In Golang, we can use third-party libraries to implement caching.

2. Types of cache

In Golang, we can use two types of cache: local cache and distributed cache.

2.1 Local cache

Local cache refers to the mechanism that stores cache in memory. This kind of caching is usually only suitable for single instance applications because if we use multiple instances, each instance will have its own cache. In fact, local caching is very easy to implement and only needs to use a map. Below, we will show how to use map to implement local caching.

var cache = map[string]interface{}{} // 定义一个 map 作为缓存

func Cache(key string, f func() interface{}) interface{} {
  if data, ok := cache[key]; ok { // 如果数据存在，则直接返回
    return data
  }
  result := f() // 运行函数获取数据
  cache[key] = result // 存储到缓存中
  return result // 返回结果
}

In the above code, when we call the Cache function to obtain data, if the data already exists in the cache, the data in the cache will be returned. Otherwise, we will call the provided function (i.e. f()) to get the data and store it in the cache.

2.2 Distributed Cache

When we need to implement a multi-instance application, we need to use distributed cache. Distributed caching refers to a mechanism for storing cache on multiple servers, which can share cached data.

In Golang, we can use open source distributed caching systems such as Memcached and Redis. These systems provide cached methods for storing and retrieving data, and they are very reliable and scalable.

3. Practice

We know that the most common cache usage scenario is to store data. Let’s take a look at how to use caching in Golang to optimize our server’s response time.

3.1 Store frequently used data

We can use cache to store our most commonly used data. For example, if we need to retrieve the same information from the database in every request, we can store this information in the cache to improve the response speed of the server. Here is an example of how to implement this:

func main() {
  db.InitDB()
  userInfo := FetchUserInfoFromDB("user-id-123")
  Cache("userInfo-user-id-123", func() interface{} {
     return userInfo
  })
}

func users(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  cacheData := Cache("userInfo-user-id-123", func() interface{} {
     return FindUserByID("user-id-123")
  })
  response(w, r, http.StatusOK, cacheData)
}

In the above code, we extract user information from the database and put it into the cache when the application is initialized. When the user sends a new request, we will read this data from the cache instead of re-requesting this data from the database. This will greatly improve the response time of our application.

3.2 Storing results

We can use cache to store processed results. For example, sometimes we need to handle some computationally intensive tasks that take a long time to complete. In this case, we can cache these results for use in the next identical request. The following is the sample code to implement this example:

func main() {
  db.InitDB()
}

func fibonacci(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  num, err := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("num"))
  if err != nil {
     http.Error(w, "Invalid Num", http.StatusBadRequest)
     return
  }

  var res int
  cacheData := Cache(fmt.Sprintf("fibonacci-%d", num), func() interface{} {
     res = fib(num)
     return res
  })
  response(w, r, http.StatusOK, cacheData)
}

func fib(n int) int {
  if n < 2 {
     return n
  }
  return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
}

In the above code, we use cache to store the results of the Fibonacci sequence. When we receive a request, if the request parameters are in the cache, we will directly return the data in the cache. Otherwise, we calculate the result of the Fibonacci sequence and store the result in the cache.

4. Summary

In Golang server applications, caching can greatly improve the response time of the application. In this article, we introduced two types of cache: local cache and distributed cache. Local caching can be used for single-instance applications, while distributed caching is suitable for multi-instance applications. We also provide some sample code that shows how caching can be used in Golang to optimize server response times.

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