Multi-language support in Django framework

The Django framework is a very popular Python web framework. It provides powerful multi-language support, allowing developers to easily develop multi-language websites. In this article, we will explore how multi-language support is implemented in the Django framework and some best practices.

First of all, let us understand how the multi-language function in the Django framework is implemented. Django implements multi-language support by using the gettext tool. This tool helps us extract text strings from source code and translate them into different languages. In Django, we can use gettext as the Django translation method, or we can use Django's built-in translation method. No matter which method you use, it requires the following steps:

1. Extract text strings from the source code.
2. Use the translation tool to translate text strings into the target language.
3. Select a translated text string based on the user's language settings.

Let us discuss these steps one by one.

1. Extract text strings in source code

In Django, we use the gettext command to extract text strings that need to be translated. Gettext files in Django are usually named django.po. Both the standard gettext tool and Django's gettext tool support using gettext in code to mark text strings that need to be translated. For example:

from django.utils.translation import gettext as _

class MyView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        context = {
            'title': _('Hello World!'),
        }
        return render(request, 'mytemplate.html', context)

In the above code, we use Django's gettext method to mark the string "Hello World!" that needs to be translated. Next we need to run gettext to extract the string that needs to be translated.

2. Use the translation tool to translate the text string into the target language

The text string extracted by gettext will be placed in the django.po file. We can use a text editor or a dedicated po editor to edit this file and translate the strings into the target language. For example, we can translate "Hello World!" to "Hello, world!".

3. According to the user's language settings, select the translated text string

In Django, we can obtain the user's language settings through a middleware and add It is set to the current session. The Django community provides many excellent third-party libraries to achieve this function, such as django-language-utils and django-language-switcher. Here is a simple middleware example:

class LanguageMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response

    def __call__(self, request):
        language = request.COOKIES.get('language')  # get language from cookies
        
        if language:
            translation.activate(language)  # set user language for the current session
            
        response = self.get_response(request)
        
        return response

In the above middleware, we get the user's language setting from the cookie and set it to the current session. Once we have the user's language settings, we can use _('Hello World!') to get the correct translation string.

In addition to using the gettext command to extract text strings that need to be translated, Django also provides more advanced translation functions. One of them is that template variables can be translated. For example:

{% trans "Hello {{ name }}!" %}

In the above template, we used Django's built-in translation method to translate the string "Hello {{ name }}!". Django automatically recognizes the template variables in this string and passes them to the translation tool so that the translation tool can correctly translate the string.

The last thing to note is that when we develop a multi-language website, we should use language codes to identify different languages. For example, English is en and Chinese is zh-cn. Using language codes can ensure that our website can support various languages ​​and will not cause problems such as garbled characters.

In short, the powerful multi-language support in the Django framework allows developers to easily develop multi-language websites. We can use the gettext command to extract the text string that needs to be translated and use the PO editor to translate it into the target language. We can then use middleware to get the user's language settings and use Django's built-in translation method to get the correct translation string. Ultimately, we should use language codes to identify different languages.

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