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Data backup and recovery are an important part of database management because all software may malfunction or hardware may become damaged, resulting in data damage or loss. If you are using a MySQL database, then you need to know how to back up and restore data to protect your data.
In MySQL, backup and recovery can be achieved using a variety of methods, such as:
These methods are discussed in more detail below.
MySQL's built-in backup and recovery tools
MySQL provides two built-in tools: mysqldump and mysqlhotcopy. Both tools can be operated using the command line, and they provide relatively simple operation and guarantees of backup and recovery integrity.
mysqldump is one of the most commonly used backup tools in MySQL. It can back up the database without stopping the MySQL server, generating a .sql file that is exactly the same as the original database. With mysqldump, you can choose to back up all databases or specific databases.
The following is the syntax to back up the database using the mysqldump command:
mysqldump -u [用户名] -p [密码] [数据库名] > [备份文件名].sql
Example:
mysqldump -u root -p mydatabase > backup.sql
Once the backup is complete, you can use the following syntax to restore the database:
mysql -u [用户名] -p [密码] [数据库名] < [备份文件名].sql
The following is the syntax for using mysqldump to restore the database:
mysql -u [用户名] -p [密码] [数据库名] < [备份文件名].sql
Example:
mysql -u root -p mydatabase < backup.sql
mysqlhotcopy is a backup tool that can back up the entire Database directory. Its backup speed is usually much faster than mysqldump. However, using mysqlhotcopy requires stopping the MySQL server.
The following is the syntax for using mysqlhotcopy to back up the database:
mysqlhotcopy [源路径] -u [用户名] -p [密码] [目标路径]
Example:
mysqlhotcopy /var/lib/mysql/mydatabase /backup/mydatabase -u root -p password
The following is the syntax for using mysqlhotcopy to restore the database:
cp -r /备份路径/* /MySQL数据库路径/
Example:
cp -r /backup/mydatabase/* /var/lib/mysql/mydatabase/
Third-party backup tools
In addition to MySQL's built-in backup tools, there are many third-party backup tools to choose from. For example: Xtrabackup, Percona Toolkit, etc. Each of these tools has its own pros and cons, and you need to choose the one that suits your needs. Using third-party backup tools often enables faster backup and recovery operations.
Manual backup and recovery
Manual backup and recovery is the most direct method, but this method requires higher skills and time of the system administrator and needs to be performed by copying the data files. Backup. Manual backup requires stopping the MySQL server and copying the directory where the database is located to achieve backup.
The following are the steps for manual backup:
sudo systemctl stop mysql
sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/mydatabase /backup/mydatabase
sudo systemctl start mysql
The following are the steps for manual recovery:
sudo systemctl stop mysql
sudo cp -R /backup/mydatabase /var/lib/mysql
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/mydatabase
sudo systemctl start mysql
Conclusion
No matter which backup and recovery method is used, you should pay attention to the following points:
MySQL database backup and recovery is key and can keep you safe in the face of data loss or corruption data can be recovered quickly. No matter which method you use, you should back up your data regularly and store backups in different locations to ensure backup integrity.
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