Swoole development practice: building high-performance TCP server

As the scale of Internet applications continues to expand, how to build high-performance and high-reliability servers has become an issue that every developer needs to consider. Especially in the Internet era, the performance and stability of the TCP server are even more crucial.

For PHP language developers, they generally choose to use the traditional LAMP architecture (Linux Apache MySQL PHP) to build applications. However, in the case of high concurrency, the LAMP architecture often encounters performance bottlenecks and cannot meet business needs. At this time, Swoole, as a high-concurrency network communication framework based on PHP language, has become one of the developers' first choice.

This article will introduce how to use Swoole to build a high-performance TCP server, and briefly introduce Swoole's TCP protocol and main features.

1. What is Swoole?

Swoole is a coroutine network communication framework based on PHP language, supporting asynchronous TCP/UDP/HTTP/WebSocket and other protocols. Its built-in core technologies such as asynchronous IO, multi-threaded Reactor, and coroutines can greatly improve the performance and stability of the server.

Since Swoole is developed based on the PHP language, it can be seamlessly integrated with existing PHP applications without requiring additional learning costs and code conversion. Moreover, using Swoole no longer requires the use of traditional web servers (such as Nginx and Apache). You can directly use PHP as the server language to improve the performance and flexibility of the server.

2. Introduction to Swoole TCP protocol

Swoole supports multiple protocols, among which TCP protocol is one of the most commonly used protocols. TCP is a network transmission protocol based on the Transmission Control Protocol, which has the characteristics of high reliability and fast transmission speed. The Swoole TCP protocol can be used to achieve data communication between two computers through network transmission, such as communication between a client and a server.

Swoole's TCP server is event-driven. Whenever there is a new client connection request, the server will trigger a connection event and create a connection object. The connection object corresponds to the client one-to-one and saves all information about the connection, such as connection handle, client IP address, connection status, etc.

3. Use of Swoole TCP server

Let’s actually use Swoole to create a TCP server.

1. Environment installation

First you need to install the Swoole extension. You can use PECL to install it, or you can download the source code and compile it manually. Take PECL installation as an example:

pecl install swoole

After the Swoole extension is installed, you need to add a line of configuration in php.ini:

extension=swoole.so

2. Create TCP server

Creating a TCP server requires the following steps:

a. Create a SwooleServer object:

$host = '127.0.0.1';
$port = 9501;

$server = new SwooleServer($host, $port);

b. Listen for events:

$server->on('connect', function ($server, $fd) {
    echo "客户端连接成功
";
});

$server->on('receive', function ($server, $fd, $from_id, $data) {
    echo "收到客户端消息：{$data}
";
});

$server->on('close', function ($server, $fd) {
    echo "客户端关闭
";
});

In the above code, use the on method to register 3 events: connect, receive, close. When the TCP server receives a new client connection request, the connect event is triggered; when the server receives the client's data packet, the receive event is triggered; when the client connection is closed, the close event is triggered.

c. Start the server:

$server->start();

Finally, call the start() method to start the server and wait for the client to connect.

3. Test TCP Server

Use the telnet command to test whether the TCP server can work normally. Enter the following command in the terminal:

telnet 127.0.0.1 9501

If you see the following prompt, the connection is successful:

Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.

Enter some characters in the telnet terminal and press Enter, the server will automatically trigger receive events and output corresponding information.

4. Swoole’s main features

In addition to the TCP protocol, Swoole also supports asynchronous UDP, HTTP, WebSocket and other protocols, and also has the following main features:

1. High concurrency: It can handle tens of thousands of long TCP connections, and can still maintain stability and reliability under high concurrency.
2. Asynchronous IO: Supports asynchronous IO, event-driven and other technologies, avoiding the blocking problem of traditional PHP during network communication.
3. Multi-threaded Reactor: Swoole uses a multi-threaded Reactor model. Each thread can independently handle IO events and business logic, improving server concurrency performance.
4. Coroutine support: Swoole has built-in coroutine support, realizing an asynchronous programming model without increasing the burden on the server.
5. Basic components: Swoole not only supports network communication, but also supports asynchronous MySQL clients, asynchronous Redis clients, process management, timers and other basic components, making it easy to build large-scale applications.

5. Summary

This article introduces how to use Swoole to build a high-performance TCP server, and briefly introduces Swoole's TCP protocol and main features. Using Swoole can not only improve the performance and reliability of the server, but also omit the traditional web server, improving the maintainability and scalability of the code. In actual applications, developers can choose different Swoole protocols and components according to business needs to build more powerful and efficient Internet applications.

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