What are the common email sending operations in PHP programming?

In PHP programming, email sending operations are very common. You can usually use email sending to implement functions such as system notifications, email subscriptions, password resets, and event invitations. Let’s take a look at common email sending operations in PHP programming.

1. Use the mail() function to send emails

The simplest and most direct way to send emails in PHP is to use the mail() function. This function is a function that comes with PHP and does not require the installation of other extensions. The following is a simple example code for sending emails using the mail() function:

$to = '收件人邮箱';
$subject = '邮件主题';
$message = '邮件内容';
$headers = 'From: 发件人邮箱' . "
" .
           'Reply-To: 发件人邮箱' . "
" .
           'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();

mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);

The $headers here are the email header information, and you need to set From, Reply-To and other information. When using the mail() function to send emails, you need to pay attention to the following points: The

1. $to variable needs to be set to the email address that receives the email; the From and Reply in the
2. $headers variable -To needs to be set to the sender’s email address;
3. If the sender’s address is not under the same domain name as the server, it will be intercepted by some mail servers or regarded as spam;
4. The email is sent The process may be slow. If the waiting time is too long, you can use multi-threaded asynchronous sending;
5. Since the mail() function uses the system's native mail sending function, there may be errors during the sending process. Spam or blocked by firewall.

2. Use SMTP server to send emails

Using SMTP server to send emails can better avoid the problem of being regarded as spam than using the mail() function. There are currently some excellent PHP SMTP libraries available, such as PHPMailer. This class library has strong customizability and a friendly API interface, and supports the sending methods of plain text emails, HTML emails, attachment emails, etc. of the SMTP server. The following is a sample code for using PHPMailer to send plain text emails:

use PHPMailerPHPMailerPHPMailer;
use PHPMailerPHPMailerException;

require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';

$mail = new PHPMailer(true);
$mail->isSMTP();

try {
  $mail->SMTPDebug = 0;
  $mail->Host       = 'smtp.example.com';
  $mail->SMTPAuth   = true;
  $mail->Username   = '发件人邮箱';
  $mail->Password   = '发件人邮箱密码';
  $mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_SMTPS;
  $mail->Port       = 465;

  $mail->setFrom('发件人邮箱');
  $mail->addAddress('收件人邮箱');
  $mail->Subject = '邮件主题';
  $mail->Body = '邮件内容';

  $mail->send();

  echo '邮件发送成功';
} catch (Exception $e) {
  echo "邮件发送失败：{$mail->ErrorInfo}";
}

This code is based on the PHPMailer class library. It can be installed directly through Composer and can be used after introducing the three files Exception, PHPMailer and SMTP. It is worth noting that the sender's email address here needs to be consistent with the sender address provided by the SMTP service provider, otherwise the "sender verification failed" problem will occur.

3. Use a third-party email service to send emails

In enterprise-level or applications that require sending a large number of emails, you can consider using a third-party email service provider, such as SendGrid, Mailgun, etc. These service providers usually connect to clients through API interfaces, which saves the client the process of establishing a direct connection with the SMTP server and allows them to enjoy better email sending services. The following is a sample code for using SendGrid to send emails:

$url = 'https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/mail/send';

$data = array(
    "personalizations" => array(
        array(
            "to" => array(
                 array(
                     "email" => "收件人邮箱"
                  )
            ),
            "subject" => "邮件主题"
        )
    ),
    "from" => array(
        "email" => "发件人邮箱"
    ),
    "content" => array(
        array(
            "type" => "text/plain",
            "value" => "邮件内容"
        )
    )
);

$options = array(
    'http' => array(
        'method' => 'POST',
        'header' => array(
            'Content-Type: application/json',
            'Authorization: Bearer ' . 'SendGrid API KEY'
        ),
        'content' => json_encode($data),
    ),
);
$context = stream_context_create($options);
$result = file_get_contents($url, false, $context);
$response = json_decode($result, true);

if (in_array(substr($response['status'], 0, 1), array(
     '2', '3'
))) {
    echo '邮件发送成功';
} else {
    echo '邮件发送失败';
}

This sample code uses the API interface provided by SendGrid. You need to register on the SendGrid official website in advance and obtain the API KEY. Since SendGrid is a paid service provider, you need to select the appropriate package and sending volume based on your business situation before using it.

Summary

This article introduces common email sending operations in PHP programming, including using the mail() function, using the SMTP server to send emails, and using third-party email services to send emails. Since technologies and strategies related to email sending change rapidly, it is recommended that developers choose the email sending method that best suits them based on specific needs and experimental conditions in actual applications.

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