Application of access control and flow control in Nginx reverse proxy

Nginx is a high-performance, open source and versatile web server that is also widely used as a reverse proxy server. Reverse proxy servers can be used to provide features such as load balancing, high availability, access control, and traffic control. This article will introduce the application of access control and flow control in Nginx reverse proxy.

1. Access control

1. IP address blacklist/whitelist

Nginx can implement requests by configuring IP address blacklist or whitelist access control. IP addresses in the blacklist will be denied access, while IP addresses in the whitelist will be allowed access. For example, we can add the following code to the Nginx configuration file:

# IP地址黑名单
location / {
    deny 192.168.1.1;
    deny 192.168.1.2;
    allow all;
}

# IP地址白名单
location / {
    deny all;
    allow 192.168.1.1;
    allow 192.168.1.2;
}

2. Access control based on user authentication

Nginx can also pass the nginx-http-auth-digest module Implement access control based on user authentication. For example, we can add the following code to the Nginx configuration file:

# 用户认证
location / {
    auth_digest "Enter username and password";
    auth_digest_user_file /etc/nginx/user.passwd;
}

Among them, /etc/nginx/user.passwd is the file that stores usernames and passwords. After the configuration is completed, users need to enter their username and password to access the Nginx reverse proxy server.

2. Flow control

1. Limit the request rate

Nginx can limit the request rate through the ngx_http_limit_req_module module. For example, we can add the following code to the Nginx configuration file:

# 限制请求速率
http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
    server {
        location / {
            limit_req zone=one burst=5;
        }
    }
}

Among them, rate=1r/s means that only one request can be allowed per second, and burst=5 means that a burst of 5 requests is allowed in response . This method of limiting the request rate prevents malicious users from consuming server resources by sending a large number of requests.

2. Limit the connection rate

Nginx can limit the connection rate through the ngx_http_limit_conn_module module. For example, we can add the following code to the Nginx configuration file:

# 限制连接速率
http {
    limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;
    server {
        location / {
            limit_conn addr 10;
        }
    }
}

Among them, limit_conn_zone is used to define the shared storage area for connection rate limits, and limit_conn is used to limit the maximum number of connections per IP address. This method of limiting connection rates prevents malicious users from denying service by hogging a large number of connections.

Summary

Nginx reverse proxy server has strong application capabilities in access control and traffic control, and can pass IP address blacklist/whitelist, user authentication, request rate limit and connection Rate limiting and other methods to implement access control and flow control of requests. These methods can effectively protect server resources and improve service availability and security.

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