Nginx security performance optimization: reduce loading time and improve access speed

With the development of the Internet, website security and performance have become the two main directions for website development. As a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server, Nginx can improve the security and performance of the website. This article will introduce how to reduce loading time and improve access speed through Nginx security performance optimization.

1. Enable HTTPS

Some websites only provide HTTP protocol. This method is risky because the HTTP protocol does not have encryption function and cannot encrypt user information. . Enabling HTTPS can effectively improve the security of the website, prevent the leakage of authentication and cookie data, and reduce the risk of network attacks.

2. Enable Nginx cache

Enabling Nginx cache can reduce page loading time and improve website access speed. Nginx caching is a memory or disk-based caching technology that can cache static resources of a website, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, etc., to avoid obtaining them from the server for each request.

Enabling Nginx cache can be completed through the following steps:

1) Configure the cache path

Set the cache path in the Nginx configuration file, for example:

proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m inactive=60m;

2) Configure cache

Define the cache strategy in the location section, for example:

location / {
  proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
  proxy_cache_valid 200 60m;
  proxy_cache_bypass $http_pragma;
  proxy_cache_revalidate on;
  proxy_buffering on;
  proxy_cache my_cache;
  proxy_pass http://backend;
}

Among them, proxy_cache_valid indicates the validity time of the cache, and proxy_cache_bypass indicates that if the client sets the Pragma header, it will not be used. Cache, proxy_buffering indicates whether to enable the buffer, proxy_pass indicates the address of the backend server.

3. Compress response data

Enabling Nginx's gzip module can compress response data, reduce the amount of data transmitted, and improve the loading speed of the page. Enabling gzip can be completed through the following steps:

1) Configure gzip

Enable gzip in the Nginx configuration file, for example:

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
gzip_vary on;

Among them, gzip_min_length represents the minimum compression length, gzip_comp_level indicates the compression level, gzip_types indicates the file type that needs to be compressed, and gzip_vary indicates turning on the Vary header.

2) Configure location

Enable gzip in the location segment, for example:

location / {
  gzip on;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
  proxy_pass http://backend;
}

4. Limit concurrent connections

Limit concurrent connections It can reduce the load on the Nginx server and improve the performance of the website. Set worker_connections in the Nginx configuration file, for example:

events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}

This can limit the number of concurrent connections for each worker process. If the website has a large number of visits, you can consider adding worker processes.

5. Use a reverse proxy

Using a reverse proxy can improve the performance and security of your website. Through reverse proxy, requests can be forwarded to the back-end server for processing, avoiding direct exposure of the IP address and port number of the back-end server. At the same time, multiple back-end servers can be scheduled through load balancing to improve website availability and requests. Processing speed.

Using a reverse proxy can be completed through the following steps:

1) Configure upstream

Define upstream in the Nginx configuration file, for example:

upstream backend {
  server backend1.example.com:8080;
  server backend2.example.com:8080;
}

Among them, backend1.example.com and backend2.example.com are the addresses of the backend servers, and 8080 is the port number of the backend server.

2) Configure location

Configure the reverse proxy in the location segment, for example:

location / {
  proxy_set_header Host $host;
  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  proxy_pass http://backend;
}

Among them, proxy_set_header sets the request header, proxy_pass sets the forwarded backend server address and The port number.

Conclusion

Through the security performance optimization of Nginx, the loading time of the page can be effectively reduced and the access speed of the website can be improved. This article introduces several security performance optimization methods such as enabling HTTPS, turning on Nginx cache, compressing response data, limiting concurrent connections, and using reverse proxy. We hope it will be helpful to optimize the performance of the Nginx server.

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