What are the reading and conversion methods of time format in Python?

1. Time representation format

In Python, there are four commonly used formats for representing time, namely floating point format and standard readable format. formats, formatted formats, and custom formats. (The name is my own, unofficial naming)

(1) Floating point format

Use a floating point number in float format to represent time, and its specific meaning is expressed as the time from the world standard epoch ( The number of seconds from January 1, 1970 to this time node.

(2) Standard readable format

The format is - "Day of the week, month, date, hour: minute: second, year", which is easy for people to read.

(3) Formatting format (time.struct_time)

Use multiple parameters to represent information such as year, month, hour, minute, and second to facilitate computer processing.

(4) Custom format

Organize the time and date information into a custom format string according to your own needs.

# 浮点数格式
<class &#39;float&#39;>
1667321639.1330378
# 标准可读格式
<class &#39;str&#39;>
Wed Nov  2 00:53:59 2022
# 格式化格式
<class &#39;time.struct_time&#39;>
time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=2, tm_hour=0, tm_min=53, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=306, tm_isdst=0)
# 自定义格式
<class &#39;str&#39;>
2022年11月01日 11:59:59

The conversion relationship between different formats is as follows:

2. Time reading and format conversion

1. Use the time.time() method to read into floating point number format

The time.time() method is used to read the computer's internal time, and the output is in floating point number format.

import time
t1 = time.time()
print(t1)
Out:
1667322679.7262034

2. Use time.localtime() and time.gmtime() methods to read into formatted format

time.localtime() and time.gmtime() methods to read local time respectively Time and world time, output in formatted format.

import time
t1 = time.localtime()  # 本地时间
t2 = time.gmtime()  # 世界时间
print(t1)
print(t2)
Out:
time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=2, tm_hour=1, tm_min=12, tm_sec=58, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=306, tm_isdst=0)
time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=17, tm_min=12, tm_sec=58, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=305, tm_isdst=0)

3. Use the time.ctime() and time.asctime() methods to read into a standard readable format

When the time.ctime() and time.asctime() input parameters are When empty, the current time can be read directly into a standard readable format.

import time
t1 = time.ctime()
t2 = time.asctime()
print(t1)
print(t2)
Out:
Wed Nov  2 01:10:01 2022
Wed Nov  2 01:10:01 2022

The time.ctime() method can convert the floating point number format into a standard readable format.

The time.asctime() method can convert the formatted format into a standard readable format.

import time
t1 = time.ctime(time.time())  # 将浮点数格式转换为标准可读格式
t2 = time.asctime(time.localtime())  # 将格式化格式转换为标准可读格式
print(t1)
print(t2)
Out:
Wed Nov  2 01:01:41 2022
Wed Nov  2 01:01:41 2022

4. Use time.strftime() and time.strptime() to complete the conversion with the custom format

time.strftime() can convert the formatted format into a custom format .

import time
t1 = time.localtime()  # 格式化格式
s1 = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", t1)
print(s1)
Out:
2022-11-02 01:21:28  # 自定义格式

Compared with time.strftime(), time.strptime() is used to convert custom formats into time objects.

import time
s1 = "2022年11月01日 11:59:59"  # 自定义格式
t1 = time.strptime(s1, "%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S")
print(t1)
Out:
time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=11, tm_min=59, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=305, tm_isdst=-1)

Supplement: python time acquisition and conversion: time module and datetime module

1. Three kinds of time: UTC time, local time, epoch time
2. Three kinds of time representation : timestamp, struct_time, format time

3.time.time() returns timestamp; time.localtime() returns time tuple; time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time .localtime()) returns the formatted time
time.strptime('December 08, 2018, 34:10:04', '%Y year %m month %d day %M hour %I minute %S second ') Parse the string and return the time tuple

4. The datetime module is a further encapsulation of time, mainly including 5 classes: date, time, datetime, timedelta, tzinfo.

5.date.today(),date.fromtimestamp(timestamp),d.weekday(),d.strftime(format)
6.datetime.today(),datetime.now([tz ])
7. The internal value of timedelta stores days, seconds, and microseconds. All other values ​​are converted to these three parameters.
8.td.days(), td.seconds()

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