Principles and applications of RPC framework in Go language

1. The concept of RPC framework

In distributed systems, it is often necessary to transfer data between different servers and clients. The RPC (Remote Procedure Call) framework is a commonly used technical means. . The RPC framework allows applications to call functions or methods of another execution environment through remote messaging, thereby enabling the program to run on different computers.

There are currently many RPC frameworks on the market, such as Google's gRPC, Thrift, Hessian, etc. This article mainly introduces the RPC framework in the Go language.

2. RPC implementation mechanism in Go language

The RPC package of Go language provides a way to implement distributed applications. The RPC implementation mechanism of Go language is very simple and clear, mainly relying on the support of Golang's built-in net/rpc library and net/http library.

1. net/rpc library

There are many RPC calling protocols, the most common of which are JSON-RPC and XML-RPC. Golang uses the Gob encoding protocol by default. The net/rpc library of Go language encapsulates basic RPC operations, making calling RPC functions as easy as calling local functions.

A simple RPC process is as follows:

The client calls rpc.Dial to connect to the RPC server--> The client calls the RPC function through the connection--> The RPC server responds and returns the result --> The client gets the result

rpc.Dial in Go language will return an rpc.Client object, which is used by the client to call the RPC server. Connection parameters can be TCP, Unix socket, etc. After obtaining an rpc.Client object, the client can use it to call the remote function of the RPC server. The Call method of the rpc.Client object can call the server-side function and return the result.

2. net/http library

The net/http library provides an HTTP RPC calling method to call RPC through the HTTP protocol. The good design of the HTTP protocol allows HTTP RPC to work like normal interaction between the HTTP server and client.

Because the HTTP protocol is widely used, it is usually a good choice to use the HTTP protocol as the RPC calling protocol. The net/http library in the Go language can also be encoded in formats such as JSON or XML, so that clients and servers in different languages ​​can communicate with each other.

3. Application of Go language RPC framework

In addition to being used to create distributed applications, the RPC framework of Go language can also be used to develop applications such as microservice architecture. The following will introduce some commonly used Go language RPC frameworks.

1. gRPC

gRPC is Google’s open source RPC framework and supports multiple languages. It uses Protocol Buffer as the default message encoding format, and supports the development of multiple programming languages, such as C, Java, Go, Python, and Ruby.

gRPC is a high-performance, lightweight RPC framework that can help build fast and efficient distributed applications. It supports the HTTP/2 protocol, can send binary data between the client and the server, and provides features such as flow control, request priority, and multiplexed connections.

2. go-micro

go-micro is a Go language RPC framework developed by microservices company Micro. It provides service invocation methods based on HTTP, gRPC and other protocols, and supports a variety of service discovery and load balancing methods, such as Consul, Kubernetes, Docker, etc.

The go-micro framework has a pluggable architecture design, supports user-defined extensions, and has the feature of automatically generating and maintaining service APIs, which can greatly accelerate the development of distributed applications.

3. gobrpc

gobrpc is a simple and easy-to-use RPC framework in the Go language. It supports gRPC and HTTP protocols, and provides an extensible middleware mechanism. The design goals of gobrpc are simplicity, ease of use, efficiency and scalability.

The gobrpc framework is very convenient to use. It provides an API interface similar to the net/http library, allowing users to call RPC services through HTTP or gRPC protocols. The framework also provides a variety of middleware, such as link tracking, logging, etc., to facilitate users to monitor and debug services.

4. Summary

This article mainly introduces the principles and applications of the RPC framework in the Go language. The RPC implementation in the Go language relies on the net/rpc and net/http libraries. Distributed applications and microservice architectures can be implemented by using RPC.

In the Go language, there are many RPC frameworks to choose from, such as gRPC, go-micro, gobrpc, etc., each of which has its own characteristics and uses. By choosing an RPC framework that suits your application scenarios, you can improve the performance and maintainability of distributed applications and improve development efficiency.

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