How to develop golang

In today's software development industry, Go language (also known as Golang) has become one of the languages ​​preferred by more and more developers. Due to its efficient concurrent programming support, concise and easy-to-learn syntax, and good support for large-scale systems, the Go language has been widely used in network services, cloud computing, container orchestration and other fields.

So in this article, we will learn how to use Golang to develop a complete Web application, including details such as tools, frameworks, and design ideas that need to be used throughout the development process.

Installing and configuring the Go environment

First we need to install the Go environment on the local machine. Here we can directly download the Go installation package on the [official website](https://golang.org/dl/) and install it. After the installation is complete, we need to configure the environment variables of the local machine and add the Go bin directory to PATH. In this way, we can enter the "go" command on the command line to execute the Go compiler.

Use GoMod to manage dependencies

In traditional Golang projects, we usually solve dependency problems by manually downloading and managing the third-party libraries required by the project. However, the shortcomings of this approach are problems such as difficulty in management and dependency conflicts. In order to solve these problems, Go version 1.11 introduces a new tool GoMod to strengthen dependency management.

The use of Go mod is very simple. You only need to execute the following command in the root directory of our project:

go mod init <module-name>

After executing this command, GoMod will automatically download the file we installed in the project All third-party libraries required will also record their version number information in our go.mod file. Then we can use GoMod to manage our dependencies just like npm or yarn. For example, we can use the following command to install the specified third-party library:

go get <package-name>@<version>

Use the Gin framework to quickly build Web applications

Gin is a high-performance Web framework, due to its Go language-based features , making it particularly suitable for handling highly concurrent web requests. At the same time, Gin adopts a lightweight design concept to make it easier to use.

The following is a simple Gin sample program, which defines a simple API interface and binds it to the API path "/", then obtains data through a GET request, and finally returns the data to the client in JSON format. .

package main

import (
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Hello, World!"})
    })

    if err := r.Run(); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

In this sample program, we first introduced the gin and net/http modules. Then use the gin.Default() method to create a Gin routing instance. Here we define a GET routing method and use the c.JSON method to output the data to the client in JSON format. Finally we use the r.Run() method to run our API service.

Database and ORM

When we develop a Web application, we often need to persist the data. There is a popular ORM (forked from Xorm) in the Go language called GORM.

Using GORM for database development allows us to quickly interact with various databases and is compatible with a variety of databases. The following is a simple GORM code example that defines a User structure and maps it to a database table.

package main

import (
    "github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
    _ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/sqlite"
    "time"
)

type User struct {
    gorm.Model
    Username string    `gorm:"not null; unique:yes"`
    Password string    `gorm:"not null"`
    Email    string    `gorm:"not null"`
    Role     int       `gorm:"not null"`
    LastLogin time.Time    `gorm:"default: null"`
}

func main() {
    db, err := gorm.Open("sqlite3", "test.db")
    if err != nil {
        panic("failed to connect database")
    }
    defer db.Close()

    db.AutoMigrate(&User{})
}

In this example, we first introduced the GORM library. Then a User structure is defined for mapping database tables. In the code, we also use some GORM features, such as not null and unique tags to define related database table fields.

Finally we use the db.Create() method to insert some test data, the db.Find() method to query the data, and use db. Model() to update and modify data.

Use Redis/Casbin to complete Cache and permission management

In addition to the database, we can also use cache to improve application performance. Redis is a fast, in-memory key-value storage database that is widely used in cache management of web applications.

In the Go language, we can use the golang version of Redis client library https://github.com/go-redis/redis library to interact with Redis.

In terms of permission management, we can use a lightweight CASBIN library. CASBIN supports multiple programming languages ​​and can be easily integrated with Golang. In CASBIN, we can use RBAC (role-based access control) for permission management.

Summary

In this article, we have learned how to use Golang to develop web applications through a complete code example. We learned how to handle HTTP requests through the Gin framework, how to use GORM for database operations, and how to use Redis for cache management and Casbin for permission management.

In practice, we can follow the method in the sample program and develop efficient and reliable Web applications by using the rich language features provided by Golang and the framework libraries provided by the community.

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