golang setup system

As an open source programming language, Golang has become more and more popular among programmers in recent years. Not only because of its simple syntax and fast speed, but also because it can easily operate the operating system, set up the operating system, write automated tasks, etc.

This article will introduce how to set up the system in Golang to better complete your programming work.

1. Setting environment variables

In Golang programs, environment variables are often used. For example, when writing various automated applications, you need to read and set some system environment variables to implement different functions. Therefore, setting environment variables is a very basic and necessary operation in Golang programs.

In Golang, you can use the Setenv and LookupEnv functions provided by the os package to save and read environment variables. Among them, the Setenv function can be used to set the value of an environment variable, and the LookupEnv function is used to read the value of an environment variable. The specific code is as follows:

// 设置环境变量
os.Setenv("MY_VAR", "hello world")

// 读取环境变量
val, exists := os.LookupEnv("MY_VAR")
if exists == true {
    fmt.Println(val)
}

2. Reading the configuration file

In the actual production environment, some configurations need to be performed on the program, such as database connection, file path, etc. This is Need to read the configuration file. In Golang, there are many ways to read configuration files, such as configuration files in json, toml, ini and other formats. Among them, the configuration file in ini format is usually more commonly used.

In Golang, you can use the go-ini package to read the ini format configuration file. The go-ini package provides a configuration reader based on INI files, which can easily read, modify, and write configuration files in INI format. The usage of go-ini package is as follows:

// 读取ini文件
cfg, err := ini.Load("config.ini")
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("Can't load ini file: ", err)
}

// 读取某个key的值
val := cfg.Section("sectionName").Key("keyName").String()

// 修改某个key的值
cfg.Section("sectionName").Key("keyName").SetValue("newValue")

// 写回到文件
err = cfg.SaveTo("config.ini")
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("Can't save ini file: ", err)
}

3. System scheduled task settings

In some applications that need to perform certain tasks regularly (such as automatic backup of files), we need to Set up scheduled tasks in the system. In Linux systems, you can use the Cron tool to set up scheduled tasks. In Golang, you can use the go-cron library to operate Cron.

The go-cron library is a library used to implement the Cron scheduler. It provides flexible configuration options, can easily set up scheduled tasks, and can support concurrent processing. The code for setting up scheduled tasks using the go-cron library is as follows:

// 新建一个go-cron实例
c := cron.New()

// 添加定时任务
c.AddFunc("0 0 0 * * *", func() {
    fmt.Println("Every day at midnight.")
})

// 启动定时任务
c.Start()

// 停止定时任务
c.Stop()

4. Control of system processes

Sometimes, we need to run system-level commands in the program, or control the running of system processes Status (such as running, paused, stopped, etc.). In Golang, system processes can be controlled through the exec package.

In Golang, the exec package provides some functions that can execute system commands and obtain their standard output and standard error output. These functions include Command, Output, Run, etc. For example, to run the ls command in Golang and obtain its standard output and standard error output, you can use the following code:

// 执行ls命令
cmd := exec.Command("ls")

// 获取标准输出和标准错误输出
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()

fmt.Println(string(out))
fmt.Println(string(err))

Through the above operations, we can easily control the running status of the system process in Golang and output.

Summary:

Golang provides a lot of operating system methods and functions. The existence of these functions can facilitate the operation of the program, and also allows developers to control the operation of the program more efficiently. Learning how to use these functions can greatly increase developer productivity. This article introduces the methods of setting environment variables, reading ini format configuration files, setting scheduled tasks and controlling system processes in Golang. I hope it will be helpful to Golang developers.

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