mysql characters garbled

MySQL character garbled problem is a common data processing problem. Many developers encounter problems related to character sets and encoding when using MySQL databases, such as garbled characters in the database, garbled data in tables, or garbled characters when inserting data on the MySQL client. These problems have a great impact on data processing and operations. trouble. This article will explain in detail the causes and solutions to the MySQL character garbled problem and how to correctly set the character set and encoding so that developers can avoid these problems.

1. What is MySQL character set and encoding?

MySQL character set is a set of available characters, which defines different representations of each character in a character set. MySQL encoding refers to the way the character set is implemented on the computer, which stores the characters in the character set in binary form on the computer.

Commonly used MySQL character sets include:

1. latin1: an extended version of the ASCII character set, supporting Western European languages.
2. utf8: Supports multi-language character sets, and the character set has a wider encoding range.
3. utf8mb4: supports more character sets and encoding ranges, and is an upgraded version of utf8.

2. Why are MySQL characters garbled?

1. The database character set is inconsistent with the table character set.

If the character sets of the database and table are inconsistent, the character set will be converted when data is inserted into the table. If an error occurs during the conversion process, it will cause garbled characters.

2. The database connection character set is inconsistent with the table character set.

If the connection character set is inconsistent with the table character set, the character set will also be converted, resulting in garbled characters.

3. The database character set is inconsistent with the character set of the PHP page.

If the character set of the database is inconsistent with the character set of the PHP page, the character set will be converted when the data is read from the database and displayed on the PHP page. Errors during conversion can result in garbled characters.

4. The character set of the table fields in the database is inconsistent with the data.

If the character set of a table is changed after it is created, but the character set of the data in the table is not rearranged, inconsistent character sets will lead to garbled characters.

3. How to solve the problem of garbled characters in MySQL?

1. Set the correct character set and encoding.

When creating a MySQL database, you should use the correct character set and encoding. If you need to change, you can use the following command:

ALTER DATABASE database_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

2. Confirm that the database connection character set is consistent with the table character set

When connecting to the database, you also need to confirm that the connection character set is consistent with the table character set. The UTF-8 character set should be used whenever possible in PHP programs in order to correctly recognize non-English characters.

3. Correct the garbled data that has appeared

If the data has been garbled, you should use the CONVERT function to correct it.

For example:

SELECT CONVERT(BINARY CONVERT(column_name using latin1) using utf8) as column_name_utf8 FROM table_name;

4. Use a suitable MySQL client

Different MySQL clients may handle character sets and encodings differently, so you need to be careful when choosing a MySQL client. Workbench, the official client of MySQL, is a very good choice.

General idea:

Correctly setting the MySQL character set and encoding is the key to solving the problem of MySQL character garbled characters; in addition, the consistency and integrity of the data should always be maintained, and the correct use of Only the MySQL client can avoid the occurrence of garbled characters.

4. Conclusion

When using the MySQL database, character set and encoding issues cannot be ignored. If the data table contains multiple character sets and encoding methods, it is easy to produce garbled characters, affecting the normal use of the system. Therefore, we should always maintain data consistency, use the correct character set and encoding, and choose a suitable MySQL client to ensure data integrity and readability. Through these methods, we can easily solve the MySQL character garbled problem.

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