How to withdraw a commit in idea git

When using git to manage code, we will inevitably submit some wrong code. How to retract these commits? This article will introduce how to use git to retract a commit.

Git’s undo mechanism

In git, there are two ways to modify history records:

• Modify the submitted content
• Withdraw the submission

The first method is more risky, because modifying the submitted content will change the history in the code base, thereby affecting other people's code.

Undoing the commit is a safer way, because it does not change the historical record, but only adds a new record after it.

Undo the latest submission

To use git to undo the latest submission, you can use the following command:

$ git reset HEAD~

This command will cancel the latest submission and return the code Scroll to the state since the last commit. Note that this command does not delete the commit, it just turns it into an untracked commit.

If you want to discard the changes of the last commit and delete them from the history, you can use the following command:

$ git reset --hard HEAD~

This command will not only undo the latest commit, but also delete the current commit all changes. It is important to note that this command will irreversibly delete all changes, so it should be used before confirming that there have been no important changes.

Undo early commits

If you want to undo early commits, you need to use git's revert command. This command will undo all changes to the specified commit and create a new commit for this operation.

Suppose we want to undo the submission abc123, we can use the following command:

$ git revert abc123

This command will undo all the changes submitted by abc123, and then create A new commit reverts it to its previous state.

Undo the submission that has been pushed to the remote warehouse

If you have pushed the submission to the remote warehouse, you need to use different commands to undo it to prevent it from affecting other people's work.

You can use the git revert command to create a new submission to undo the pushed submission:

$ git revert abc123

Similarly, the git reset command Can also be used to delete commits, but requires a force push to update the remote repository's history. This may impact other people's work, so don't use this method unless you're absolutely sure it's safe.

Summary

When using git to manage code, undoing a commit is an important process. Using the method described in this article, you can effectively roll back erroneous changes and maintain the integrity of your code base. It should be noted that when undoing a commit that has been pushed to the remote repository, be careful to avoid affecting the work of others.

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