String processing and character encoding conversion skills of Golang functions

As a programming language, Golang provides very powerful and rich string processing and character encoding conversion functions. This article will introduce the commonly used string processing and character encoding conversion techniques in Golang functions to help readers better understand and use Golang.

1. String processing

1. String connection

In Golang, you can use the " " symbol to connect different strings, for example:

str1 := "Hello"
str2 := "World"
str3 := str1 + " " + str2
fmt.Println(str3) //输出 "Hello World"

In addition, you can also use the "fmt.Sprintf" function to convert variables of different data types into strings and connect them, for example:

num := 10
str := fmt.Sprintf("Number is %d", num)
fmt.Println(str) //输出 "Number is 10"

2. String interception and Splicing

Use Golang's string slicing to obtain substrings to implement string interception. For example:

str := "Hello World"
substr := str[0:5]
fmt.Println(substr) //输出 "Hello"

In addition, you can also use the "strings.Join" function to concatenate multiple strings into one string, for example:

strs := []string{"Hello", "World"}
result := strings.Join(strs, " ")
fmt.Println(result) //输出 "Hello World"

3. String search and replacement

Use Golang's "strings.Index" function to find the position of the specified substring in the original string, for example:

str := "Hello World"
idx := strings.Index(str, "World")
fmt.Println(idx) //输出 6

If you want to replace a certain substring in the string with another For a substring, you can use the "strings.Replace" function, for example:

str := "Hello World"
newstr := strings.Replace(str, "World", "Golang", 1)
fmt.Println(newstr) //输出 "Hello Golang"

Note: The last parameter of the "strings.Replace" function indicates the number of replacements. If set to -1, it means all replacements.

4. String conversion

Use Golang's "strconv" function to convert other data types to string types, for example:

num := 10
str := strconv.Itoa(num)
fmt.Println(str) //输出 "10"

To To convert strings to other data types, you can use the "strconv.Parse" function series, for example:

str := "10"
num, _ := strconv.Atoi(str)
fmt.Println(num) //输出 10

Note: The "strconv.Atoi" function returns two values. To use the converted data directly, You need to use "_" to ignore the second return value.

2. Character encoding conversion

Golang supports multiple character encoding formats, such as UTF-8, GBK, etc. The following will introduce the character encoding conversion functions commonly used in Golang functions.

1. Character encoding conversion

Use Golang's "unicode/utf8" package and "bytes" package to achieve character encoding conversion. For example, convert a UTF-8 encoded string to GBK encoding:

str := "你好，世界"
newstr, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(transform.NewReader(bytes.NewReader([]byte(str)), simplifiedchinese.GBK.NewEncoder()))
fmt.Println(newstr) //输出 "浣犲ソ£?涓枃"

Note: The character encoding conversion function returns two values, the first is the new string after conversion, and the second is the error message . To use the new converted string directly, you need to use "_" to ignore the second return value.

2. Character encoding judgment

Use Golang's "unicode/utf8" package to determine whether the character encoding of a specified string conforms to a certain format. For example:

str := "你好，世界"
isutf8 := utf8.Valid([]byte(str))
fmt.Println(isutf8) //输出 true

The above code determines whether the character encoding of the specified string is in UTF-8 format. If so, it returns "true", otherwise it returns "false".

3. Character encoding converter

Use Golang's "charset" package to convert strings with different character encodings into UTF-8 encoding. For example, convert a GB2312-encoded string to UTF-8 encoding:

str := "你好，世界"
decoder := simplifiedchinese.GB18030.NewDecoder()
newstr, _ := decoder.String(str)
fmt.Println(newstr) //输出 "你好，世界"

Note: The character encoding converter "decoder" is used in the above code to convert a GB2312-encoded string to UTF-8 encoding.

Conclusion

This article introduces the commonly used string processing and character encoding conversion techniques in Golang, including string connection, interception, search, replacement, conversion, as well as character encoding conversion, judgment, and conversion Devices etc. I hope readers can better understand and use Golang through this article.

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