PHP中的加密方式有如下几种
1. MD5加密
string md5 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )
参数
str -- 原始字符串。
raw_output -- 如果可选的 raw_output 被设置为 TRUE,那么 MD5 报文摘要将以16字节长度的原始二进制格式返回。
这是一种不可逆加密,执行如下的代码
$password = '123456';
echo md5($password);
得到结果是e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
2. Crype加密
string crypt ( string $str [, string $salt ] )
crypt() 返回一个基于标准 UNIX DES 算法或系统上其他可用的替代算法的散列字符串。
参数
str -- 待散列的字符串。
salt -- 可选的盐值字符串。如果没有提供,算法行为将由不同的算法实现决定,并可能导致不可预料的结束。
这是也一种不可逆加密,执行如下的代码
代码如下:
$password = '123456';
$salt = "test";// 只取前两个
echo crypt($password, $salt);
得到的结果是teMGKvBPcptKo
使用自动盐值的例子如下:
代码如下:
$password = crypt('mypassword'); // 自动生成盐值
/* 你应当使用 crypt() 得到的完整结果作为盐值进行密码校验,以此来避免使用不同散列算法导致的问题。(如上所述,基于标准 DES 算法的密码散列使用 2 字符盐值,但是基于 MD5 算法的散列使用 12 个字符盐值。)*/
if (crypt('mypassword', $password) == $password) {
echo "Password verified!";
}
执行结果是输出 Password verified!
以不同散列类型使用 crypt()的例子如下:
代码如下:
if (CRYPT_STD_DES == 1) {
echo 'Standard DES: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', 'rl') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_EXT_DES == 1) {
echo 'Extended DES: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '_J9..rasm') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_MD5 == 1) {
echo 'MD5: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$1$rasmusle$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_BLOWFISH == 1) {
echo 'Blowfish: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_SHA256 == 1) {
echo 'SHA-256: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$5$rounds=5000$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_SHA512 == 1) {
echo 'SHA-512: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$6$rounds=5000$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}
其结果如下
Standard DES: rl.3StKT.4T8M
Extended DES: _J9..rasmBYk8r9AiWNc
MD5: $1$rasmusle$rISCgZzpwk3UhDidwXvin0
Blowfish: $2a$07$usesomesillystringfore2uDLvp1Ii2e./U9C8sBjqp8I90dH6hi
SHA-256: $5$rounds=5000$usesomesillystri$KqJWpanXZHKq2BOB43TSaYhEWsQ1Lr5QNyPCDH/Tp.6
SHA-512: $6$rounds=5000$usesomesillystri$D4IrlXatmP7rx3P3InaxBeoomnAihCKRVQP22JZ6EY47Wc6BkroIuUUBOov1i.S5KPgErtP/EN5mcO.ChWQW21
在 crypt() 函数支持多重散列的系统上,下面的常量根据相应的类型是否可用被设置为 0 或 1:
CRYPT_STD_DES - 基于标准 DES 算法的散列使用 "./0-9A-Za-z" 字符中的两个字符作为盐值。在盐值中使用非法的字符将导致 crypt() 失败。
CRYPT_EXT_DES - 扩展的基于 DES 算法的散列。其盐值为 9 个字符的字符串,由 1 个下划线后面跟着 4 字节循环次数和 4 字节盐值组成。它们被编码成可打印字符,每个字符 6 位,有效位最少的优先。0 到 63 被编码为 "./0-9A-Za-z"。在盐值中使用非法的字符将导致 crypt() 失败。
CRYPT_MD5 - MD5 散列使用一个以 $1$ 开始的 12 字符的字符串盐值。
CRYPT_BLOWFISH - Blowfish 算法使用如下盐值:“$2a$”,一个两位 cost 参数,“$” 以及 64 位由 “./0-9A-Za-z” 中的字符组合而成的字符串。在盐值中使用此范围之外的字符将导致 crypt() 返回一个空字符串。两位 cost 参数是循环次数以 2 为底的对数,它的范围是 04-31,超出这个范围将导致 crypt() 失败。
CRYPT_SHA256 - SHA-256 算法使用一个以 $5$ 开头的 16 字符字符串盐值进行散列。如果盐值字符串以 “rounds=
CRYPT_SHA512 - SHA-512 算法使用一个以 $6$ 开头的 16 字符字符串盐值进行散列。如果盐值字符串以 “rounds=
3. Sha1加密
string sha1 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )
参数
str -- 输入字符串。
raw_output -- 如果可选的 raw_output 参数被设置为 TRUE,那么 sha1 摘要将以 20 字符长度的原始格式返回,否则返回值是一个 40 字符长度的十六进制数字。
这是也一种不可逆加密,执行如下代码:
$password = '123456';
echo sha1($password);
得到的结果是7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b
以上几种虽然是不可逆加密,但是也可以根据查字典的方式去解密。如下的地址中就提供了可以将上面的加密结果解密出来的功能。
http://www.cmd5.com/
那大家是不是加了就算加了密,也没用啊,其实不然,只要你的加密足够复杂,被破解出的可能性就越小,比如用以上三种加密方式混合加密,之后我会推荐给大家一个php的加密库。
4. URL加密
string urlencode ( string $str )
此函数便于将字符串编码并将其用于 URL 的请求部分,同时它还便于将变量传递给下一页。
返回字符串,此字符串中除了 -_. 之外的所有非字母数字字符都将被替换成百分号(%)后跟两位十六进制数,空格则编码为加号(+)。此编码与 WWW 表单 POST 数据的编码方式是一样的,同时与 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 的媒体类型编码方式一样。由于历史原因,此编码在将空格编码为加号(+)方面与 RFC1738 编码不同。
string urldecode ( string $str )
解码给出的已编码字符串中的任何 %##。 加号('+')被解码成一个空格字符。
这是一种可逆加密,urlencode方法用于加密,urldecode方法用于解密,执行如下代码:
$url = 'http://www.xxx.com/CraryPrimitiveMan/';
$encodeUrl = urlencode($url);
echo $encodeUrl . "\n";// 如果是在网页上展示的,就将\n修改为
echo urldecode($encodeUrl);
得到的结果如下
http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xxx.com%2FCraryPrimitiveMan%2F
http://www.xxx.com/CraryPrimitiveMan/
基于RFC 3986的加密URL的方法如下:
代码如下:
function myUrlEncode($string) {
$entities = array('%21', '%2A', '%27', '%28', '%29', '%3B', '%3A', '%40', '%26', '%3D', '%2B', '%24', '%2C', '%2F', '%3F', '%25', '%23', '%5B', '%5D');
$replacements = array('!', '*', "'", "(", ")", ";", ":", "@", "&", "=", "+", "$", ",", "/", "?", "%", "#", "[", "]");
return str_replace($entities, $replacements, urlencode($string));
}
5. Base64信息编码加密
string base64_encode ( string $data )
使用 base64 对 data 进行编码。
设计此种编码是为了使二进制数据可以通过非纯 8-bit 的传输层传输,例如电子邮件的主体。
Base64-encoded 数据要比原始数据多占用 33% 左右的空间。
string base64_decode ( string $data [, bool $strict = false ] )
对 base64 编码的 data 进行解码。
参数
data -- 编码过的数据。
strict -- 如果输入的数据超出了 base64 字母表,则返回 FALSE。
执行如下代码:
代码如下:
$name = 'CraryPrimitiveMan';
$encodeName = base64_encode($name);
echo $encodeName . "\n";
echo base64_decode($encodeName);
其结果如下
代码如下:
Q3JhcnlQcmltaXRpdmVNYW4=
CraryPrimitiveMan
推荐phpass
经 phpass 0.3 测试,在存入数据库之前进行哈希保护用户密码的标准方式。 许多常用的哈希算法如 md5,甚至是 sha1 对于密码存储都是不安全的, 因为骇客能够使用那些算法轻而易举地破解密码。
对密码进行哈希最安全的方法是使用 bcrypt 算法。开源的 phpass 库以一个易于使用的类来提供该功能。
代码如下:
// Include phpass 库
require_once('phpass-03/PasswordHash.php')
// 初始化散列器为不可移植(这样更安全)
$hasher = new PasswordHash(8, false);
// 计算密码的哈希值。$hashedPassword 是一个长度为 60 个字符的字符串.
$hashedPassword = $hasher->HashPassword('my super cool password');
// 你现在可以安全地将 $hashedPassword 保存到数据库中!
// 通过比较用户输入内容(产生的哈希值)和我们之前计算出的哈希值,来判断用户是否输入了正确的密码
$hasher->CheckPassword('the wrong password', $hashedPassword); // false
$hasher->CheckPassword('my super cool password', $hashedPassword); // true
?>
以上就是本文关于PHP加密方式的介绍了,希望大家能够喜欢。

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